Evolution of Germany's image in the Russian press in the early 20th century from the perspective of the economic confrontation between Russia and Germany (in contemporary Russian historiography)

this article analyzes the formation and transformation of Germany's image as an economic adversary in the Russian press on the eve of World War I. Studies of country images typically examine stories on political, social, cultural, and military issues. Economic news often serves as a general context rather than an independent object of study. At the same time, Russia and Germany were linked by both long-standing cooperation and rivalry, and the issue of German dominance, including in the economy, was a serious public concern. The study shows that the initially neutral image of Germany in publicist writing gradually gave way to calls for resistance to Germany's economic aggression.

economic confrontation, economic policy, historical imagology, state image, Germany, Russian Empire, World War I, enemy image