Institutional determinism in the strategic design of biopharmaceutical cluster systems at the regional level

the article is devoted to the study of the role of cluster-oriented policy in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical market, special attention is paid to new territories (DPR, LPR, Kherson and Zaporozhie regions). The relevance of the work is due to the socio-economic importance of the pharmaceutical sector, which provides the medical and biological potential of the population and requires government regulation to minimize the risks of drug shortages. The purpose of the study is to analyze the institutional factors of the formation of pharmaceutical clusters in the Russian Federation, operating within the framework of government support programs. Clustering mechanisms are considered, including the integration of scientific, industrial, and infrastructural elements to generate innovation. Special attention is paid to the methodology of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, which interprets the pharmaceutical cluster as a polycentric structure combining R&D laboratories, production hubs and educational institutions. The key problems of cluster development are identified: technological deficit, imbalance of regulatory measures and weak continuity between scientific developments and their commercialization. Optimization methods are proposed, including the creation of specialized territorial zones, the promotion of public-private partnerships and the adaptation of foreign practices. The potential of pharmaceutical cluster formation in the DPR, where production facilities and research centers have been preserved, is being investigated separately. The necessity of reducing the fiscal burden and integrating local enterprises into the all-Russian pharmacoeconomic system is substantiated. The cluster model is considered as a tool for increasing the competitiveness of the industry through the synergy of government, business and science, which is especially important in the context of import substitution and sanctions pressure.

pharmaceutical cluster, regional development, resources, market, strategy