Том 4, № 4 (2022)

The reconceptualization of the craft workshop (SME) suggests a different positioning of craft practices and knowledge in the history of culture and industry. Peter the Great’s role was to build a bridge between the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century and the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century, and to combine scientific and practical knowledge, «sciences and arts». The structure of knowledge was the keynote of the time, from Peter and Leibniz to Lomonosov and the French encyclopedists. The authors conclude that the «sciences and arts» reforms were significant in their unity, which contributed to the combination of sciences and arts, and helped the latter to acquire a new quality. The two phenomena converged at the Academy of Arts and Sciences for something new to emerge from both, i.e. new science and new arts, at a higher technological and aesthetic level. After that, they diverged again to develop in their polysyllabic topologems at a higher level. The study employs the methods of social topology.

The focus of the article is a comparison of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the problems of inter-territorial economic interaction. The historiographic review in this case is combined with an analysis of individual nuances of the current state of objects and the subject of study (history review + status quo review by J. Noguchi). The focus is on research centers, which are considered primarily as scientific schools formed on the basis of research and educational institutions. It is established that inter-territorial interaction is carried out both within the framework of the “center-periphery” system and at the horizontal level, and can take the form of cooperation, competition and competitive coexistence (sotruentsia and sotkurentsia or coopetition and comperation). It is recognized that there are no grounds yet for a theoretical and methodological consensus on the basis of which it would be possible to subordinate various research programs to the achievement of certain common goals. However, subject to further refinement of the economic content of the category «territory», as well as taking into account the legal, political, historical, cultural and other aspects of interaction between regions and municipalities, it will be possible to increase the level of development of the strategic foundations of regional policy at all levels. Particular attention should be paid to inter-territorial competition as the least developed aspect of the problem.

This article was written by two specialists in the field of bonistics and is devoted to a little-studied page of the national history and the history of the production of banknotes. Both authors were directly involved in the work on the catalog «State legal tender without restrictions» (Moscow 2019). This work was one of the foundations that determined the classification of the entire Extraordinary Period (1914-1923). The purpose of the article was to show a unified system of a wide variety of watermarks used by various Goznak factories in this period. When using it, it became possible to separate individual banknotes by printing factories. Results: The very first period of production and existence of banknotes of the young Soviet Republic is analyzed. All the factories that appeared and work in those difficult conditions are indicated, with a description of the various types of money paper with which they worked. This article will be useful to historians studying money circulation, the history of the production of banknotes, collectors, experts, museum workers, and anyone interested in the production of paper money.

The paper analyses forms and methods of military and patriotic education of students of secondary schools in the Ural region during the Great Patriotic War. The paper notes that the system of military and patriotic education, which worked effectively during the war years, was based on historical traditions of Russian patriotism, which throughout the centuries-old history of Russia ensured socio-political unity of society in the fight against numerous invaders. The paper shows that the work was aimed at improving military physical training, increasing the level of patriotic consciousness of school youth and attracting them to socially useful work. The paper gives a detailed description of the transformations that have occurred in the military training of schoolchildren, in their agitation and propaganda, labour and socio-patriotic activities. The paper also demonstrates innovative moments in the educational and methodological process caused by the influence of extreme conditions of war. As a result, the paper concludes that the military and patriotic education of the population was the most important core ensuring the military and political, ideological and labour unity of the Soviet society, which managed to defend the sovereignty and independence of its state. The general education school of the Urals has made a significant contribution to the process of attracting school youth to the sphere of socio-political and labour activities aimed at achieving the main goal - saving the Motherland and completely defeating the enemy. The historical experience of military and patriotic work, which ensured public unification during the Great Patriotic War, must be studied in every possible way and used to the maximum in solving modern problems related to the need to destroy the revived Nazism.

The Munich Treaty of 1938 has been of great interest to both Russian and foreign scholarship since its conclusion and up to the present time. The interest of researchers to this scientific problem can be explained by the fact that it has not only historical, but also great political importance. The circumstances of the treaty and its place in world politics on the eve of World War II are the object of fierce ideological struggle. For more than 80 years of study of the Munich Treaty a vast amount of historical literature has been accumulated, which is periodically analyzed in the historiographical literature. The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiographical literature, devoted to the analysis of the study of the Munich treaty of 1938 in the Russian historical science. Modern historiographers distinguish two periods in the study of the problem: The Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The analysis of the historiographical literature shows that while the authors' opinions largely coincide in assessing the Soviet period, there are significant differences in the assessment of the contribution of historians to the study of the Munich Treaty in the years of «perestroika», as well as in the post-Soviet period. This applies not only to the assessment of individual works of Russian scholars, but also to the directions in the development of post-Soviet science and stages in its development. Since the historiographic tradition in the study of the Munich Treaty has not ceased until now, the article analyzes the peculiarities of the literature, which was published on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Munich Treaty.

The paper analyzes the main controversial issues and discussions of modern Russian historiography concerning the reform process in Russia in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The paper notes that over the past three decades Russian historical studies discusses a wide range of assessments of the course and consequences of the last modernization in the history of Russian Empire - both positive and negative. The paper shows that the study of the reforms during the late Imperial period led to the formation of two main approaches to their interpretation - pessimistic and optimistic. The paper concludes that it is necessary to continue studying these topics in order to conduct a more thorough analysis of the transformations of governments of S.Yu. Witte and P.A. Stolypin.

Kulunigiy 5 settlement is a multi-layered monument located in the Middle Ob region, near the village of Ugut in the Surgut district of KhMAO-Yugra. The uniqueness of the monument is due to the large number and high concentration of archaeological structures on a relatively small area. Archaeological structures within the boundaries of the territory of the settlement differ in shape, size and cultural and chronological belonging. The earliest cultural layers of the monument can be attributed to the Mesolithic era, and the latest - the Middle Ages. Objective: systematization of data on the history of the archaeological study of the settlement Kulunigiy 5 and introduction to a wide scientific circulation of the main results of the discoveries of 1996-2021. Research materials: Reporting and project documentation from the branch archive of the scientific and production association «Northern Archeology-1» of Nefteyuganskand the latest scientific publications on the research topic. Results and novelty of the research: The data on the history of the archaeological study of the Kulunigy 5 settlement and their main results for the period 1996-2021 are systematized and introduced into wide scientific circulation, prospects and main directions of archaeological research are outlined on the basis of data obtained during field work.

The article characterizes a new book by the famous Soviet and Russian politician and public figure N.I. Ryzhkov, who, based on a deep study of archival material previously inaccessible to the general scientific community, wrote a study devoted to one of the most important political, economic and military-strategic issues of Russian and international history, the issue of lend-lease and its role in the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. Not only the characteristics of the structure of the book are given, but an analysis of all its sections is made, the social significance of this publication is indicated.