On the Issue of the Capacity of Industrial Landscapes (Based on the Material of the Charcoal Metallurgy of the Urals of the Late XIX - Early XX Centuries)

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

详细

The paper attempts to apply the concept of «the capacity of the enclosing landscape» in relation to charcoal metallurgy. The object of the study was the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The statistical reference books of the Mining Scientific Committee served as the source base for this study. The conducted research has shown that the charcoal metallurgy can be considered as an «enclosing landscape». In the late XIX - early XX centuries, the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals reached the limits of the capacity of its main resource - mining forests. On average, in 1882-1911. there were 20.7 workers per 1000 desyatina forests. At the same time, the density of workers gradually increased. If before 1895 there were 18.7 workers per 1000 desyatina forests, then after 1895 it was 21.9, 6% more. This growth was due to going beyond the limits of the production capabilities of the «ecological niche», since at the same time the share of mineral fuel in the energy balance increased by 6%. At the beginning of the XX century, the reduction of the forest area by 25.6% led to a reduction in the number of workers by 25.7%. The influence of the terms of trade (the ratio of prices for metal and bread) on the capacity of the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals was analyzed. The inverse relationship between the prices of bread and the number of workers per 1,000 desyatina of forest has been revealed.

作者简介

Georgy Shumkin

Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Вranch of the RAS

Email: shumk@mail.ru
Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Senior Researcher Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation

参考

  1. Alevras N.N. Agrarian policy of the government in the mining Urals at the beginning of the XX century. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk State University, 1996.
  2. Antipova A.V. The enclosing landscape (geographical meaning and ecological-resource content) // History and modernity. 2006. No. 2. p. 4. p. 3-23.
  3. Belov V.D. Historical sketch of the Ural mining plants. St. Petersburg, 1896. P. 79.
  4. Boklevsky P.P. Prospects of the Ural mining industry. - Yekaterinburg: [B.I.], 1899.
  5. Bylim-Kolosovsky N.D. Wood fuel in the Urals. St. Petersburg: ed. «Bulletin of Finance, Industry and Trade», «Trade and Industrial Newspaper» and «Russian Economic Review», 1900. 47 p.
  6. Gruzinov A.S. The economic complex of the Princes Abamelek-Lazarev in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. M., 2009. 501 p.
  7. Kulpin-Gubaidullin E. S. Socio-natural history: from method to theory, from theory to practice. Volgograd, 2014. 336 p.
  8. Kulpin-Gubaidullin E. S. The sphere of technology as a space of social action // Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. 2012. № 5, p. 70-80.
  9. Kurlaev E.A. Formation of the industrial landscape of the Urals: methodology and methodology of study // Ural Historical Bulletin. 2020. No. 2 (67). pp. 71-77.
  10. Kurlaev E.A. Formation of the industrial landscape of the Urals //News of higher educational institutions. Mining magazine. 2019. No. 1. pp. 140-146.
  11. Kurlaev E.A. Stages and trends in the formation of the industrial landscape of the Urals // Russian Scientific Journal. 2018. No. 3 (60). pp. 58-67.
  12. Lakhodanov V.L. Some issues of rational use and formation of landscapes of industrial enterprises // Formation and protection of landscape. Minsk, 1972. pp. 71-73.
  13. Mankevich M.K. Agricultural production and food supply of the Perm province in the late XIX - early XX century. Diss. Candidate of Historical Sciences. Yekaterinburg, 2012. pp. 108-110.
  14. Milkov F.N. Man and landscapes: essays of anthropogenic landscape studies. M., 1973.
  15. Nefedov S.A. Demographic and structural analysis of the socio-economic history of Russia at the end of the XV - beginning of the XX century. Yekaterinburg, 2005.
  16. Nefedov S.A. About the economic laws of history // Bulletin of the Ural Institute of Economics, Management and Law. 2012. No. 3 (20). pp. 83. 75-87.
  17. Nefedov S.A., Turchin P.V. Modified model of demographic and structural dynamics of agrarian society // Newsletter of the Association History and Computer. 2006. No. 33. pp. 102-109.
  18. Nefedov S.A., Turchin P.V. Experience of modeling demographic and structural cycles // History and Mathematics. Macro-historical dynamics of society and the state. Almanac / edited by S.Yu. Malkov, L.E. Grinin, A.V. Korotaev. M., 2007. pp. 153-167;
  19. Pokishevsky V.V. On some problems of complex physical and geographical study of cities // Questions of Geography. 1952. Issue 28. pp. 177-191.
  20. Pyankov S.A. Peasant economy of the Perm province in the late XIX - early XX century. Yekaterinburg, 2014. p. 53.
  21. Ragozin E. I. Iron and coal in the Urals. St. Petersburg, Printing house of Isidore Goldberg, 1902. p. 119. 164 p.
  22. Skalozubov N.L. Prices for flour, oats and hay in Krasnoufimsky district in 1891 and 1892// Address-calendar and commemorative book of Perm province for 1894. Appendix to the «Commemorative book» for 1894. Collection of materials for acquaintance with the Perm province. Issue V. Perm, 1893. p. 41.
  23. Snitko A.V., Shmeleva E.V. Landscape features of the development of historical industrial and residential territories of Volga cities of the Ivanovo region // Housing construction. 2011. No. 8. pp. 39-41.
  24. Tyutyunnik Yu.G. The concept of an industrial landscape // Biosphere. 2015. No. 3. pp. 280-288.
  25. Tyutyunnik Yu.G. Industrial landscape // Geography and natural resources. 1991. No. 2. pp. 135-141.
  26. Tyutyunnik Yu.G. What is an industrial landscape //Bulletin of the VSU. Series: geography, geoecology. 2017. No.2. pp. 40-48.
  27. Tyutyunnik Yu.G., Pashkevich N.A., Gubar L.M. Production landscapes and their demutation (On the example of the sugar beet industry of Ukraine) //Izvestiya Russian Geographical Society. 2019. Vol. 151. No. 5. pp. 48-66.
  28. Ural Iron Industry in 1899, according to reports on a trip made with the highest permission: S. Vukolov, K. Egorov, P. Zemyatchensky and D. Mendeleev, on behalf of Mr. Minister of Finance, State Secretary S.Y. Witte / Ed. D. Mendeleev. - St. Petersburg: Ministry of Finance for Trade and Manufactures, 1900. 464, 256, 146 p.
  29. Farmakovsky S. The Revival of the Urals // Industry and trade. 1908. No. 7. pp. 402-403.
  30. Shumkin G.N. Land ownership of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the Urals in 1882-1911: scale, dynamics, structure (based on publications of the Mining Scientific Committee) // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic scientific journal. 2019. No. 3 (31). pp. 258-275.
  31. Shumkin G.N. The structure of the fuel and energy balance of the ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the Urals at the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century (based on the materials of the «Collections of statistical data on the mining industry of Russia» 1882-1911) // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic scientific journal. 2020. No. 3 (35). pp. 175, 184.
  32. Shumkin G.N. Fuel and energy resources of ferrous metallurgy of the Urals in the late XIX - early XX centuries. (based on the materials of the «Collections of statistical data of the mining industry of Russia» 1882-1911) // Genesis: historical research. 2019. No. 9. pp. 64-65.
  33. Turchin P., Nefedov S. SECULAR CYCLES. Princeton and Oxford, 2009.


##common.cookie##