History and Modern Perspectives

The article attempts to identify the features of new approaches that have appeared in French historiography in recent decades in terms of characterizing the forms of power presentation. The author does it on the example of Napoleon Bonaparte's realization of the idea of imperiousness in relation to Paris. It is concluded that such an idea was realized not only and not so much through the creation of pompous buildings, but through giving Paris the image of a city of the «middle class», on more than was previously, the effective organization of the urban environment, the development of theaters, musical life, museum, library and publishing, the formation of an effective structure of scientific and educational institutions.

The purpose of the research. The article discusses the organization of the implementation of orders of the maritime department by state-owned mining plants in the Urals. Based on materials from federal and regional archives, as well as regulations, the formation of a system for the supply of metals and other products for the fleet at the end of the 18th century is shown. According to the Manifesto of May 21, 1779, only state-owned mining plants were to carry out orders for the army and navy. At the beginning of the 19th century with the approval of instructions for the acceptance of guns, shells and metals from mining plants, a regulatory supply base for army and navy orders is formed. The author is noted that Ural enterprises supplied iron for the needs of shipbuilding and port construction, anchors and cast iron for ballast. In the first quarter of the 19th century the specialization of the region's mining plants in the production of products for the Baltic ports and the Arkhangelsk port took shape. Some of the metals and anchors were sent to the Black Sea ports. With the increase in military threat on the eve and during the Napoleonic wars and the growth of shipbuilding, the volume of orders of the naval department increased. As a result, already in the second decade of the 19th century mining factories could not fully carry out military orders.

The author reconstructs the biography of Pavel Nikolaevich Zubov, a member of the White Movement in the East of Russia. The author examines in detail the main stages of life path of Pavel Zubov, starting from his birth and ending with his death. Special attention is paid to the key events of his biography — his participation in the Yekaterinburg anti-Bolshevik underground in 1918 and his work as head of the Special Office of the Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in 1919. The author substantiates the version that Pavel Zubov was the head of the Yekaterinburg secret military organization that prepared an uprising in the city against the Soviet government.

In the process of implementing the peasant reform of 1861 and carrying out the redemption operation, the basis for determining the size of peasant allotments and payments was the articles of Local regulations, which regulated the procedure for allocating land to peasants and establishing the amount of duties, depending on the pre-reform situation and local norms. Deviations from these rules, contained in charters and redemption documents, were relatively rare in the province and on the periphery of the capital provinces. They were considered in the Provincial presences for Peasant Affairs and the Main Redemption Institution. At the same time, cases of a significant increase in post-reform peasant payments «in excess of the norm» were quite common in the metropolitan St. Petersburg district and became the subject of special discussion in the Ministry of Finance and Internal Affairs. The article considers examples of increasing the size of peasant payments during the implementation of the peasant reform in 1861–1863 and the subsequent redemption operation. The decisions taken on this issue later became a precedent in the practical Implementation Of the redemption operation.

The article illuminates the transition period at the development of Soviet tank industry, which chronologically correlates with the era of the First Five-Year Plan. The work analyzes the main trends in the development of the Russian tank industry in the late 1920s — early 1930s, and shows the main reasons for the copying of foreign military equipment samples as the main way to modernize the armored forces of the Red Army. According to the practical technical and economic limitations that influenced the progress of the implementation of the program for creating modern armored weapons of the Red Army during the First Five-Year Plan are shown. The publication covers the organizational and technical formation of the Special Machine Building Trust (Spetsmashtrest) and its subordinate factories as the foundation for the modernization of the USSR tank industry in the Second Five-Year Plan.

Purpose of the study. The theme of the borderland is one of the leading discourses. The Russian-Belarusian borderland is a special cultural phenomenon. This paper attempts to analyze the image of the Russian-Belarusian borderland on the basis of the published memoirs of the first Russian woman mathematician Sofia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya (Korvin-Krukovskaya), whose childhood and adolescence were spent on the Polibino estate, Vitebsk province (now Pskov region).

Conclusions. The Russian-Belarusian borderland of the 1850-1860s appears in «Memoirs» by S.V. Kovalevskaya deep province, living according to the traditions of the previous era. A red thread running through the text is the paternalistic image of an educated and fair landowner, the example of which is Father Vasily Vasilyevich Korin-Krukovskoy. The ethno-confessional environment of the Polibino estate and the entire Nevelsk district, bordering the Pskov province, is quite diverse and includes Polish, Belarusian and Russian elements. Historical memory of S.V. Kovalevskoy links this territory with Lithuania, not Russia. The «Polish Question» plays an important role for the nobility of this territory, which has a negative attitude towards Russian officers taking part in restoring order. Memories once again emphasize the fact that the formation of a teenager occurs under the influence of family, teachers and the environment.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the creation of specialized therapeutic services in the Tyumen region in the period 1964–1991. as a kind of phenomenon against the backdrop of special socio-economic and historical transformations. During this period, the region experienced rapid industrial development of the oil and gas-bearing northern territories, state social programs were implemented, and large investments were made in healthcare. As a result of the analysis of data from archival documents and statistical materials, the terms of creation and main indicators of the activities of treatment and preventive institutions for rheumatological, endocrinological, hematological, nephrological, occupational pathology, pulmonological and gastroenterological services from 1964 to 1991 were established. The work notes the activities of outstanding doctors and health care organizers related to the creation of Tyumen specialized services. Based on the study, it was concluded that, basically, these services were created and functioned, significantly improving the quality of medical care to the population. An important role was played by the state policy of enhanced financing of healthcare and medical construction in the Tyumen region.

The article examines the peculiarities of the perception of the February Revolution of 1917 by soldiers and officers of the Russian Expeditionary Corps in France. Based on documents from domestic and foreign archives, the author reconstructs the events of the spring of 1917, analyzes the relationship between the French authorities and the Russian contingent, examines in detail the basics of the formation of soldiers' committees at various levels, as well as army, regimental and disciplinary courts. In addition, the process of demoralization of Russian troops in France is considered and its causes are highlighted. The conclusions are presented that the revolutionary changes led to the complete loss by officers of the levers of control of the soldiers' masses, which was the cause of decomposition and loss of discipline. Russian troops were also decayed by the unsuccessful spring offensive, which led to the biggest losses in the history of the Russian Expeditionary Corps. The personal attitude of the commanders of special brigades to the revolution is also important. In many ways, this attitude influenced the order and discipline in the units.

The article considers the life and activities of an outstanding Soviet historian of technology V.V. Danilevsky (1898–1960) during his stay in Sverdlovsk during the evacuation years. The path of V.V. Danilevsky in the history of technology is shown, when the profession «historian of science and technology» was just being formed, and the history of science and technology was formalized in independent research direction. During the Great Patriotic War, the efforts of V.V. Danilevsky in Sverdlovsk created a Group on the History of Technology at the Department of Technical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. For several years it was held here such significant work on the study of industrial and technological development in the Urals that in 1944 there was on the basis of the Group organized by the Commission on the History of Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The article, based on the extensive experience of teaching the course by employees of the Department of History of Science and Technology, and then History of Russia at UrFU, traces the process of changing the methodology of teaching this course. Particular attention is paid to the pandemic period, when an attempt was made to significantly change the forms of work with students. The article uses data from a survey of engineering students (half of them were surveyed), conducted based on the results of the past academic year 2022/2023. Conclusions and proposals are made for further improvement of the educational and methodological process.

The paper provides a historiographical analysis of the points of view by modern Russian researchers on the development of censorship and press in Russia in the second half of the XIX — early XX century. The paper notes that there was no consensus among Russian researchers on the transformation of the domestic information sphere during this period. The studies of Russian historians have a very ambiguous assessment of its potential and the results of its development. The paper concludes that the works of modern Russian historians do not completely exhaust the topic of socio-cultural modernization in the field of censorship and press of the late Imperial era. Therefore, the development of Russian information sphere in the aforementioned period needs further comprehensive research.

The article analyzes periodicals and historical and statistical publications of the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries, assesses their importance for the study of the traditional settlement and housing complex of the Mordva. The author found that the materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals reflect to a considerable extent the role of settlements, dwellings and household buildings in the traditional ritual of the Mordva, contain descriptions of many structural and architectural elements of buildings. Quantitative features characterizing Mordovian settlements are given in historical and statistical publications. It is concluded that these materials still retain their value and relevance for researchers.

The review examines such an unusual phenomenon in historical science as the appearance of a bibliography on Russian bonistics over a huge period, carried out by the famous bonist specialist A.G. Baranov. The structure of the book is examined and a positive assessment is given both to the quality of the work performed and to its printing execution.