Association between vitamin D deficiency and sarcopenia in the context of preventive medicine: a review

In recent decades, active longevity and increased average lifespan have received particular attention in the Russian Federation. One of the major achievements of modern medicine has been the extension of life expectancy. However, this accomplishment has been accompanied by a growing number of individuals with limited mobility, and sarcopenia is considered one of its causes. Therefore, timely identification and diagnosis of potential contributors to sarcopenia represent an important task for preventive medicine. This review summarizes data demonstrating the association between sarcopenia and vitamin D. Analysis of scientific publications indicates that vitamin D deficiency is one of the significant factors contributing to the development of sarcopenia in older adults. Recently, vitamin D has been considered a potential determinant of muscle biology that affects physical performance and plays a fundamental role in sarcopenia prevention. Evidence suggests that decreased serum vitamin D concentration may lead to destruction of muscle fibers. This condition manifests as reduced muscle strength, decreased muscle mass, and impaired skeletal muscle function, up to complete muscle atrophy. Nutritional support is essential in sarcopenia prevention and includes adequate levels of high-quality protein, leucine, creatine, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the daily diet.