Vol 30, No 2 (2020)

Introduction. Up to 23% of all cylinder blocks of used engines D-245 and D-260 have worn out sockets for the liner sleeve collar in-depth and shall be discarded. The aim of the study was to increase the durability of the cylinder blocks of the mentioned above engines by processing the sockets in the repair size with the subsequent installation of adjusting washers.
Materials and Methods. In the article, the method of dimensional analysis was used to solve the problems. Based on the data presented in the technical documentation, the dimension chains were calculated when the piston moves to the lower and upper dead center.
Results. The conducted studies of dimension chains found that when the piston moves to the lower and upper dead center with gaps in the joints corresponding to the new units, the distance between the bottom of the piston and the head of the unit can be from 0.488 to 1.592 mm, and with gaps corresponding to the permissible during operation – from ‒0.035 to 1.15 mm. According to the results of calculations, the depth of the socket under the liner collar in the boring process should be within 9 4 0 04 . 0 08 ..++ mm, i.e. in the range of 9.44...9.48 mm.
Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the study, the dimensional analysis found that the permissible value for milling the block stopping plane is 0.35 mm, and the depth of the liner collar when installing the adjusting washer with a thickness of 0.4 mm shall be from 9.45 to 9.47 mm.

Introduction. Sesame crop is one of the most important export crops in many countries around the world, especially in Africa. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of precision seed planters have been developed.  
Materials and Methods. In order to maintain good continuous performance of an oscillating seeder, it is important to monitor seed flow in real-time and adjust oscillation parameters automatically. Existing research methods, such as prototyping and monitoring the process using a high-speed camera, by reason of the random movement of particles, do not allow obtaining sufficient data to understand trajectories and velocities of particles and existing equations for particle motion when simulating the sowing process do not allow taking into account the interaction of particles that having various shapes. The aim of this study is to create a simulation model of an oscillating-type sowing planter using the sowing sesame seeds as an example for evaluating the effectiveness of this model, and the possibility of further optimization and prediction of sowing seeds with this device.
Results. The analysis of the results showed that during the simulation, the sowing rate of sesame seeds when leaving the oscillating seed metering holes has significant differences in number and direction. The resulting model allows monitoring the behavior of each particle of a sesame seed, analyzing its trajectory, speed, and forces acting on it at any one time, and varying the parameters to obtain the dependence of uneven seeding on the kinematic and geometric parameters of the device.
Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained simulation results provide an effective method for predicting the consumption of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter, which serves as the basis for optimizing the kinematic and geometric parameters of the oscillating sowing device in order to increase its efficiency. 

Introduction. Preservation of grain crops in flat-bottomed metal silos is not possible without monitoring and control of air flows in the internal volume. In the silos with uncontrolled air flows, there is a redistribution of moisture and additional moistening of the grain surface layer that leads to losses of about 2% of grain. The aim of this work is to develop a technology for preventing the grain surface layer from humidifying during storage in metal silos.
Materials and Methods. Under laboratory conditions, aerodynamic parameters of wheat and soybean grains were determined in the range of filtration rates less than 0.15 m/s. In metal silos, with a capacity of 2,000, 3,000 and 10,000 t, the temperature and relative humidity of the air inside at the top of the silos and outside were measured simultaneously. The temperature and relative humidity measurement period was 30 min for two and five months.
Results. A new objective standard of grain ventilation is proposed ‒ minimum (critical) filtration rate, which ensures moisture removal outside the silo. The analytical studies produced an equation for calculating the weighted average filtration rate of air leaving the grain mass. The total air flow rate corresponding to the weighted average filtration rate will provide a filtration rate of at least critical over the entire surface and will exclude moisture settling. The periods of air saturation with moisture up to 100% in the supervisory space under the roof of the silo have been determined experimentally. 
Discussion and Conclusion. The algorithm for safe active ventilation of grain and roof space in metal silos is proposed. Limit values of relative humidity of atmospheric air are recommended, the use of which will exclude humidification of grain mass when ventilating actively in the range of temperature difference between grain and atmosphere up to 30 °С and more. 

Introduction. The use of composite materials in agricultural engineering is known as one of the recommended ways to reduce the weight of the structure and protect against corrosion. The main disadvantages of such products are their low resistance to shock loads that occur during operation. The aim of this study is to develop a glass composite multi-layer structure of the trailer side, capable of withstanding shock loads along with statically applied forces, without including additional reinforcing metal elements in the zones of the possible impacts.
Materials and Methods. To increase the impact resistance of the product (after an analysis of modern design solutions) the use of visco-elastic non-Newtonian fluids based on polysilicon by introducing an additional layer into the power element to compensate for impact effects is proposed.
Results. On the basis of laboratory testing using statistical processing of the obtained data, the basic mechanical characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid (polysilicon) during impact tests (density, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, shear modulus) are determined, and graphs of the obtained dependencies are constructed. The temperature of the tested polysilicon samples did not significantly affect their mechanical properties. It is established that starting from the value of relative deformation 0.042, during the impact polysilicon shows linearly elastic properties.
Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the received mechanical characteristics, the conclusions about resistance to shock loads of polysilicon as a component of a trailer board element are made. The variant of arrangement of the trailer board structural solution as a multilayer sandwich element with external parts made of polymer composite material with internal filling with fiberglass cells and polysilicon placed in large cells is offered.

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to increase the level of automation of the technical documentation development through solving a problem of synthesis of the structure of technological processes.
Materials and Methods. The authors reviewed the current status of the issue of developing the automated structure for technological processes that have shown the complexity of its formalization because of a considerable quantity of factors which must be considered in developing. The algorithm for solving these tasks based on synthesis of technological processes has been developed.
Results. The authors identified the relations between the parameters of the structure of technological processes based on the formation of many admissible transitions. The generalized algorithm on the basis of the synthesis is developed.
Discussion and Conclusion. The tasks solved in this article allow increasing the level of automation of calculation of the parameters in systems of automated designing. The implementation of the algorithm for designing technological processes, which is developed on the basis of synthesis, allows increasing the general level of automation of designing technological processes.

Introduction. The task of building a management system is to help the manager in the process of making decisions. This provides for the establishment of goals and focuses on the construction of an integrated system unlike the construction of separated subsystems. The system requirements are determined by the reduction of data and knowledge on the phenomena and process, occurring during the operation of the facility management object.
Materials and Methods. The approach, used in this paper, is determined by the structure of the management systems, what is necessary to identify the main activities of the control object. The complex of functions is implemented and followed by determination of functional subsystems, which are necessary for the computerization of the control object. It should be noted that the proposed approach is a model and is suitable for developing the functional structure of only complexity.
Results. As a result, a unified service system of the enterprise appears. This system includes structural units responsible for the procurement and delivery of material resources, storage and movement of material flow as a part of the technological process, and the sale of finished products. These measures together can increase the efficiency of the enterprise and give its development dynamism in a difficult situation of market competition.
Discussion and Conclusion. The task of building a management system is to help the manager in the process of making decisions. This provides for the establishment of goals and focus on the construction of an integrated system unlike the construction of separated subsystems. The system requirements are determined by the reduction of data and knowledge on the phenomena and process, occurring during the operation of the facility management object.