Pathophysiology of autoimmune reactions in postinfectious complications: current concepts

modern scientific evidence indicates a significant role of autoimmune processes in the development of post-infectious complications. The mechanisms underlying these reactions include complex cascades of immune dysregulation, activation of T and B lymphocytes, production of autoantibodies, and molecular mimicry. The purpose of this study is to review current understanding of the pathophysiological basis of autoimmune reactions that occur after infections, with an emphasis on the most significant clinical syndromes such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, postcovoid syndrome, chronic inflammatory myocarditis and post-streptococcal glomerulonephropathy. The study is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms, immunological markers, and pathomorphological changes detected in autoimmune complications of infectious origin. The results obtained contribute to a deeper understanding of the nature of post-infectious immunopathologies and open up prospects for targeted therapy and immunomodulation.

autoimmunity, postinfectious complications, molecular mimicry, inflammation, immune complexes, cytokine cascade, pathophysiology, infectious triggers