Classification of transport crimes: analysis of controversial cases of separation from related offences and administrative responsibility

The article reveals current problems of the qualification of transport crimes, due to their specificity and diversity, which often causes difficulties in law enforcement. Special attention is paid to distinguishing transport crimes from related offences provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and administrative offences, the responsibility for which is enshrined in the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. In addition, this article analyzes criteria that assist in distinguishing transport crimes from administrative offenses, as well as differentiating between different types of transport crimes. This analysis is based on specific examples illustrating controversial situations related to violations of Traffic Regulations and the rules of operation of various vehicles. Criminalization, which is mentioned in the article, is a process when acts previously considered administrative offenses become criminal offenses. This happens when certain conditions appear that indicate a significant increase in the public danger of such acts. The results of the analysis become the basis for recommendations aimed at improving law enforcement practices and clarifying legislative norms that consolidate responsibility for violations of legislation in the field of vehicle operation. The development and implementation of scientifically based recommendations contributes to the full implementation of the principles of uniformity and fairness in the application of criminal and administrative legislation in the field of the use and operation of vehicles.