Vol 3, No 4 (2017)
- Year: 2017
- Published: 15.12.2017
- Articles: 11
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2587-6953/issue/view/20037
Full Issue
ЛИНГВИСТИКА
REPRESENTATION OF NON-AGENTIVE BALANCE CAUSATION
Abstract
Specifics of the representation of a non-agentive balance causation in English and Russian are considered. A non-agentive causation is not prototypical, as causators are facts of nature, weather, artefacts and names of food. Due to this an act of causation is unintentional and uncontrolled. Results of non-agentive balance causation are presented by characteristics of the concept balance, such as “proportionality”, “balancing force”, “mental balance”, “equilibrium”. Means of representation of these characteristics are balance out , balance, steady, counterpoise, maintain balance, keep balance, keep in balance, bring balance to, restore equilibrium and their Russian equivalents . On the basis of factual analysis common and specific features of non-agentive balance causation are defined. The common feature is that the verb, which denotes a causation act, is used in Present Indefinite Tense. This means that a non-agentive balance causation focuses on well-known facts which happen on a regular basis. The representation of two acts of balance causation and two results of causation is specific of Russian and is not typical of English.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):5-9
5-9
Mechanisms of secondary toponymic nomination appearance
Abstract
It is devoted to the investigation of the process of the emergence of secondary nominations in toponymy. The term “secondary toponymic nomination” means a toponymic nickname, acting as an alternative name of a geographical object. The material of the study is the nicknames of the American states, obtained through a targeted selection from modern lexicographic, linguistic, toponymic, explanatory dictionaries and guidebooks (428 units). The formation of secondary toponymic nominations can be carried out by various figurative means: metaphor, metonymy, periphrasis and etc., the most productive of which is a logical periphrasis. In metaphorical toponyms, the following types of similarity of the initial and secondary denotational situations were revealed: internal and external similarity, similarity in the evaluative presentation, actions or behavior, and similarity of functions. In toponymic nominations, formed by metonymic transfer, the following models were found: place ← person, place ← social group, place ← ethnic group, place ← geographic object in this place, place ← item. Other ways and mechanisms of formation of toponymic secondary nominations are also explored. All the conclusions drawn in the course of the study are illustrated by numerous examples and are confirmed by the results of the quantitative analysis.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):10-17
10-17
Pejorative concept ‘Armut’ in language picture of the world representation in 16th century
Abstract
Lexical categorization of pejorative concept ‘Armut’ in language picture of the world of the German language of the 16th century on the material of a particular type of discourse - texts of fastnachtspiele German playwright G. Sachs from the standpoint of modern approaches to the study of lexical structure of units within antropologic research paradigm is considered. On the basis of cognitive analysis and linguistic and cultural interpretation of language units, it was established that the studied concept can be considered in terms of content as an ontological metaphor of a “container” that hosts the representatives of various social strata of Germany in 16th century. It is proved that the verbalization of an abstract concept involved a wide class of lexical items: the same token Armut, single-rooted adjectives, the name of the object is added to a unit of the united hyper arithmetic connections. A special role in the figurative-evaluative conceptualization ‘Armut’ metaphorical play education in the broad sense (hyperbole, personification, comparison, etc.), allowing to explicitly express a wide range of valuation and expressive connotations (irony, ridicule, neglect). It is revealed that the pejorative concept ‘Armut’ is complemented by a negative-evaluative pragmatically-oriented meanings, aimed to evoke not sympathy, but ridicule the viewer/listener, because of the genre of discourse fastnachtspiele.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):18-23
18-23
Conceptualisation of nose expression in language
Abstract
Bstract . The nature of emotions, particularly facial expressions, are essentially non-verbal, and its adequate expression in the language is quite complex. The study of communication language and facial expressions in the framework of cognitive linguistics gives the opportunity to consider the peculiarities of verbalization of facial movements and to identify the information that is transmitted by linguistic means nonverbal communication, as well as a combination of linguistic means of transmitting verbal and non-verbal communication. In the course of work were identified linguistic units giving an idea of the facial movements of the nose, and also detailed analysis of the language means of Russian and English language are provided, which objectify concept ‘nose expression’ that allows us to understand how facial expressions are interpreted middle area expression most closely, as well as to identify transmitted their ideas about perceptual perception of facial movements of the nose. The examples from literature which includes linguistic means representing the concept ‘nose expression’ are also presented. To further study becomes relevant how the person carries out the interpretation of expressions, in terms of concepts, formed at the stage of primary and secondary conceptualization, based on the fact that the movement of the facial muscles is interpreted by the participant of communication as a sign of emotional state and evaluation of perceived, getting or exchange of information, what allow you to judge the different conceptual characteristics that actualize in concepts.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):24-29
24-29
About the original semantics of the verb «бить» (to beat)
Abstract
The issue of native semantics of the verb «бить» (to beat), referring to the oldest stratum of the active vocabulary of modern Russian language is studied. The reconstruction of historically prime meaning falls into the priority tasks of diachronic semantics, inasmuch as it lays the foundations of the word semantic evolution and fixes the primary collectively meaningful experience of a native speaker in the cognition of the naming object. In the process of external reconstruction, as the leading research method, we analyze meanings of the units, which together with the verb «бить» (to beat), are included in the one etymological family of words. According to the analysis results we make an attempt to reveal a complex of denotative situations, marked by ancient syncretic protoforms of the verb. Basing on the carried out analysis it is established that the native meaning of the verb «бить» (to beat) which is in the active vocabulary of modern Russian language, nominating the relevant sphere of physical action and in its origins comes from the language of Indo-European epoch. It is proved that at modern stage of Russian language development the semantic structure of the verb «бить» (to beat) has more generalized meaning, that in the system of language protoform *bheia- in indivisible form used to mean the more general situation of influence on human by the punch and more specified impact effect which in modern Indo-European languages are fixed by independent meanings of the verbs.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):30-34
30-34
ТЕКСТОЛОГИЯ
“THE TALE OF IGOR’S CAMPAIGN” AND KIRILLO-BELOZERSKY LIST OF “ZADONSHCHINA”: HOW OFTEN AND WHICH EDITORIAL VERSIONS WERE COMPARED WITH THE TEXT OF “THE TALE”?
Abstract
The textological connection between fragments of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” and “Zadonshchina” is considered. The author’s examination understanding of correspondence of separate words and some fragments which induce text background of “The Tale” and Kirillo-Belozersky list of “Zadonshchina” are studied and in general it is highlighted that almost accurate correspondence of the important fragments of high volume, which can be the product of matching the text of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”; it is proved that the scientists repeated the comparison of some fragments of the text and being in different places of Kirillo-Belozersky list of “Zadonshchina”, but there was not revealed the linear position which they have in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, meanwhile this is one of the most firm evidence of the repeated comparison of the list of Kirillo-Belozersky list of “Zadonshchina” and “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”. It is founded that from not clear textological issues of “Zadonshchina” we should point out the necessity of accurate correspondence or closeness of high volume fragments of the text in two editing or inside Extensive Edition, that is very important for clearing up the question of possible intermutual checking of other lists of “Zadonshchina” and their protograph.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):35-41
35-41
ONOMASTICS
Lexical classifications of words: relations of linguistic and onomastic world views
Abstract
The active process of interaction between common nouns and proper names in which appear that proper names are the results of national language and one of its components is considered. Onomastic units, forming the system of knowledge about the world are the results of comprehending by the human of real world events and their interpretation by linguistic consciousness. The stylistically marked proper names like Собака , Воробей , Муха , Картошка , Паук , Камбала , Корова are the evidence of intensification of common nouns собака , воробей , муха , картошка , паук , камбала , корова (dog, sparrow, fly, potato, spider, flounder, cow) well known from the very childhood. The differences of cognitive group of words between thematic group and lexical-semantic group in three aspects are considered. It is proved that cognitive groups of words choose from the thematic group and lexical-semantic the most commonly used lexis; in cognitive groups of words the words of different lexical-semantic groups within the framework of one thematic group correlating with cognitive group in sense may be presented not fully, in cognitive groups of words the lexis relevantly correlating with the realia of the world around is presented.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):42-49
42-49
КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ
“FAUST” BY A. SOKUROV: CULTURAL PESSIMISM AND DEMYTHOLOGIZATION
Abstract
Аbstract. The film by A. Sokurov “Faust” is analyzed. Its artistic originality is defined, the script and poetics are studied, operator’s techniques are singled out. As a leading aspect of the problem the relevant sphere of philosophy - axiology is taken. The psychic mood prevailing in collective consciousness of the modern post-industrial society: pessimism, fear of physiological hunger; gnoseological tendencies: the loss of complete knowledge, traditional moral orientations and substitution by simulacrum are described. The method of the research is structural approach, which let differentiate operator’s techniques of reduction and reconstruction. They are considered in parallel: the myth gets into the sphere of reduction, the esthetic of naturalism in the sphere of reconstruction.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):50-57
50-57
On the issue of network dictionary “lexis of traditional filature, contexture and hemp growing in Tambov and adjacent area”
Abstract
With the help of lexicographic means the lexical materials on the topic of traditional filature, contexture and hemp growing in Tambov and adjacent area is described. The foundation of the type of dictionary was chosen productive for traditional folk culture (mostly peasant) electronic network dictionary which let combine by means of hypertext link and dialog windows the following information: 1) linguistic - the inventory of terms, connected with equipments, goods, means and technologies of filature and contexture, revealing of relation to the process of this production, groups (persons), participating in production, naming of the calendar periods, fixed after different stages of the studied work activity; the names of myth creatures, helping or/and punishing for unqualified work, wishful thinking; etiological legends, motivating the calendar scheduling and the system of punishments and also lexical layer with secondary semantic meaning, for example used in game sphere, divination and etc.; 2) Ethnographic information, fixing the technics of filature, technologies of production and equipment used in different stages of filature and weaving; 3) social-historic information, including pointing social layers, which were used in the sphere of filature and weaving and means of product realization; 4) musicological information, representing traditional motives (note texts and songs texts), at different stages of preparation and texture production.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):58-66
58-66
REVIEWS
Review of the multi-authored monograph “The unity of Europe according to vocabulary” / А.А. Kretov, О.М. Voevudskaya, I.А. Merkulova, V.T. Titov; Voronezh State University. Voronezh: VSU Publishing House, 2016. 412 p
Abstract
The review of the multi-authored monograph is presented, in which the authors articulate the foundations of a new direction in linguistic typology - lexical macrotypology of languages, which opens wide perspectives for the comparative study of not only language, but also the mental similarities and differences of peoples. According to the dictionaries data 35 state languages of Europe are analyzed reflected in the vocabulary mental similarities and differences of language speakers. The information about lexical-semantic arrangement of state languages are analyzed. The most significant part of vocabulary - parametric core contains the information about lexical-semantic organization of state languages of Europe.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):67-72
67-72
PERSONALIA
Following the scientific path of the teacher
Abstract
It is the 50th anniversary of pedagogical activity of a widely known person in philology Nadezhda Ivanovna Gaynullina, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honoured Worker of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The life and scientific path of Nadezhda Ivanovna is connected with Kazakh State University named after S.M. Kirov (now al-Farabi Kazakh National University): from the Graduate Student, Assistant of Department to the Honoured Head of Russian Philology Department of Kazakh National University.
Neophilology. 2017;3(4):73-80
73-80