Economic and Political Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Development

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, as well as the conditions for maximizing their effects on economic growth. The article uses the example of AI use in the United States, the European Union, and China to highlight the limitations of technology diffusion and its impact on socio-economic indicators. The formation of human capital and dynamic markets are identified as key factors in AI development. However, the article notes that the implementation of Schumpeter's “creative destruction” processes is currently suboptimal due to several factors. These include the specific nature of AI development, including its high capital intensity and requirements for large amounts of data. The structure of digital markets also plays a significant role, with large digital corporations monopolizing AI markets. The conclusion is that the current market situation requires regulatory intervention. Nevertheless, the evolution of AI regulation itself faces numerous challenges. In addition to the novelty of the technology and the lack of clear solutions to its core developmental issues, there is a growing trend of AI securitization and the influence of other political and geopolitical considerations. It is concluded that this problem is significant in the long term, as it negatively affects the development of approaches to AI regulation and creates new developmental challenges, including at the global level.