Economic Effects of Digital Transformation

This article examines the economic effects and structural contradictions of digital transformation. In the context of digitization, states face deepening digital inequality, employment challenges due to job reduction from automation, fundamental changes in the labor market, a shortage of IT specialists, fragmentation of digital infrastructure, and dependence of public administration on a limited number of IT companies. Mitigating risks requires changes in innovation policy. Its priorities should include digital inclusion measures, large-scale workforce training programs, and developer support initiatives to ensure technological sovereignty. At the same time, digital transformation yields positive effects, including growth in labor productivity. A comparative analysis of international models confirms the absence of a universal solution; however, all approaches prioritize human capital, scalable digital infrastructure, and institutional predictability. For Russia, development prospects are linked to overcoming digital disparities between regions through internet development, the creation of digital clusters, deep modernization of educational programs, and stimulation of long-term investments in the technology sector.

digital transformation, innovation policy, digital economy, regional development