Ethical and legal problems of the use of artificial intelligence in judicial activity

the article examines the complex of ethical and legal problems arising from the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in judicial activities of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes contradictions between the deterministic nature of algorithmic systems and fundamental principles of justice, including judicial independence, equality before the law, and fairness of judicial proceedings. The methodological foundation comprises a comprehensive approach combining formal legal analysis of Russian and foreign legislation with empirical study of pilot projects for digitalization of arbitration courts. The empirical base includes materials on AI technology implementation in Moscow and Moscow Region courts, statistical data from the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, expert interviews with representatives of the judicial community and developers of legal information systems. The research reveals critical ethical risks of automating judicial decision-making procedures, problems of algorithmic bias and discrimination, violations of the transparency principle in judicial acts, and uncertainty regarding liability mechanisms for automated system errors. Comparative analysis of international experience in regulating artificial intelligence in justice demonstrates various models of legal support: from complete automation of standard disputes in Estonia to strict limitations on algorithmic tool usage in US criminal proceedings. The author substantiates the concept of phased AI technology implementation while maintaining human control over judicial processes, formulates principles of automation proportionality depending on dispute categories and legal consequences of decisions. A system of regulatory changes is proposed, including adoption of a special federal law on artificial intelligence use in the judicial system, amendments to procedural codes, and creation of institutional mechanisms for monitoring and supervising algorithmic systems. The developed recommendations aim to ensure balance between technological capabilities for improving judicial efficiency and guarantees of constitutional rights protection for fair judicial proceedings.

artificial intelligence in justice, digitalization of the judicial system, algorithmic justice, ethical principles of AI, automation of judicial processes, transparency of judicial decisions, discrimination in algorithms, human control, legal regulation of AI, judicial independence, procedural guarantees, decision support technologies, accessibility of justice, institutional control mechanisms, international experience in AI regulation