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编号 3 (2025)
Crop Production and Selection
NEW VARIETY OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VIMITSA FOR THE CENTRAL REGION
摘要
As a result of targeted breeding in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region, a new variety of winter soft wheat, Vimica, was bred on the territory of ISA, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNATS VIM. The most important features of the variety are: a short growing season of 289-297 days, which is 8 days less than the standard Danai variety, and high adaptability to changing environmental conditions, which is confirmed by such indicators as homeostaticity, coefficient of variation, stress tolerance, PUSS (Hom = 0,20, Cv = 32,66%, Ymin - Y max = -6,11, PUSS = 91,6%, respectively) and others. The yield in competitive variety testing over seven years of research averaged 6,38 t/ha. The maximum values of this indicator, 9,43 t/ha, were obtained in 2023. In unfavorable agro-climatic conditions, the Vimica variety produces a yield of 3,32 t/ha. Over the years of research, the variety had the following grain quality indicators: grain size 791 g/l, vitreous content 50-58%, amount of gluten (flour) 30,4-37,2%, bread volume yield 1140-1730 cm3. According to the results of the conducted research, it was revealed that the new variety of winter soft wheat Vimica surpasses the parent forms Volgogradskaya 84 and Moskovskaya 39 in a number of indicators, has a high yield over the years, high winter hardiness, and also has good baking qualities, which makes it possible to recommend it for use for food purposes.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):4-8
4-8
RESPONSIVENESS OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETY ZNATNY TO THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN THE RYAZAN REGION
摘要
Spring barley production is strategically important for the development of agriculture in the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. In recent years, technologies using biopreparations have been developed to increase the yield and quality of grown products. The studies were conducted in 2022-2024 on the experimental field of the Institute of Seed farming and Agrotechnologies - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center for All-Russian Agronomic Research. The article presents the results of a three-year study of the responsiveness of spring barley of the Znatny variety to biopreparations in the Ryazan region. The following elements were included in the cultivation technology of spring barley of the Znatny variety: microbiological preparations Organit N, Zh, Organit P, Zh, silicon-containing growth regulator ApaSil, P, for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding according to the crop development phases, according to the experimental design. Also, as an element of the technology, the effect of chemical preparations in pure form (option No. 2) and a mixture with these agrochemicals (options No. 3 and No. 4) were studied. The number of plants in the variants with the use of chemical and biological preparations exceeded the number of plants in the control by 24...41 pcs/m2. The use of technology elements had a positive effect on the ear length, grain weight per ear, and 1000-grain weight. Their values increased by 5.8...9.0, 4.0...4.8, and 4.8...7.9%, respectively. It was found that, on average, over three years, the crop yield increased by 110.4-122.9% from the use of preparations. Conditionally net income was obtained from 3914 to 9258 rubles/ha.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):8-11
8-11
STUDY OF INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY OF BREEDING SAMPLES OF DURUM WHEAT IN THE CASPIAN LOWLAND OF DAGESTAN
摘要
In 2022-2024, the Dagestan Experimental Station of the branch of the All-Russian Institute studied valuable breeding traits (earliness, resistance to fungal diseases and lodging, plant height, productivity and its components) of 1567 samples of the world collection of durum wheat from Russia, neighboring countries, Asia, America and Africa. For a comparative analysis of the samples as standards were used Odari and Yarina (selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “P.P. Lukyanenko Grain Research Center”) varieties of durum wheat. It was found that the earing date of the samples falls on 27.04-21.05. The limit of variation of the trait is 24 days, with the onset of this phenological phase for the standards 07.05-10.05. The samples were divided into three classes with an interval of eight days: early-ripening (27.04-4.05), midripening (5.05-13.05) and late-ripening (14.05-21.05). The ratio of the volumes of the distinguished classes is 7.5 : 51.4 : 41.1. The largest share falls on mid-ripening samples (51.4%). By origin, early-ripening durum wheat mainly comes from Asia, Mexico and Africa. Samples combining early maturity and productivity were found: k-66281 (650 g), k-66276 (700), k-66278 (850), and i-632815 (650 g). Fungal diseases on durum wheat plants manifest themselves to a moderate degree. Their development does not reach the epiphytotic level, which does not allow a reliable assessment of the field resistance of the collection samples. In 2024, due to natural and climatic conditions, regular precipitation and strong winds, severe lodging of some samples before the beginning of earing was observed. It affected the quality of grain production. The height of the studied samples varied from 80 to 180 cm, the Odari and Yarin standards - 100 and 110 cm, respectively. Samples with breeding valuable traits were identified, as well as productive ones with high adaptive potential, which can be used both in genetic research and in practical selection to improve existing varieties and develop new ones.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):12-16
12-16
INCREASING THE GERMINATION OF FLAX SEEDS BY APPLYING ACTIVATED CARBON IMPREGNATED WITH MANGANESE CARBONATE TO THE SOIL
摘要
The development of flax production contributes to the production of oil, which has found application for food consumption, as well as in a number of technical areas. Recently, flax pulp has been considered as an alternative to the powder industry, replacing cotton, the supply of which has been significantly reduced. The introduction of promising developments in the field of agricultural intensification contributes to increasing flax yields and optimizing the use of acreage. One of the directions in this field involves the use of growth activators that promote accelerated development, especially during seed germination, as well as in the early stages of plant formation. The most promising approach in this area is the integrated application of various types of effects on cultivated plants. In this study, field tests were carried out on flax crops with activated carbon impregnated with manganese carbonate. The introduction of the proposed remedy directly into the soil during the planting period of seed showed the high effectiveness of the developed technique for intensifying the development of flax plants in the early stages of genesis. The results obtained in field experiments showed an increase in flax germination by 18%, as well as a decrease in the adverse effects of mucus formation. This development can be recommended for use in farms engaged in the cultivation of bast crops.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):17-21
17-21
WINTER HARDINESS OF CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BAIKAL REGION
摘要
The article presents the results of a study of clonal rootstocks of apple trees of different geographical origins, conducted in 2017-2024 on experimental plots located in the Irkutsk region. The object of study is clonal rootstocks are six varieties bred by Michurinsky State Agrarian University (62-396, 54-118, 70-20-20, 70-6-8, 64-143, 62-223), a rootstock bred by A.P. Apoyan (Armenian Research Institute of Viticulture, Winemaking and Fruit Growing) - Arm18, Estonian - E56, seven Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture (Ural, Ural2, Ural5, 18-7, OB-3-4, 4-12, 8-2) and the Crimean experimental and selection station of VIR (K-2). The environmental conditions of the Southern Baikal region are favorable for the use of clonal rootstocks in regional horticulture. It was found that the most adaptive forms of all the samples are those of the Ural selection (Ural and Ural 2) and Estonian (E56). E56 survived the winter best, 70-6-8, Arm18 and K-2 did worse, the rest showed average winter hardiness. Differences in the presence of dehydrin proteins in the bark of rootstocks with differet winter hardiness depending on the month were found. In our experiments, the major dehydrin was a protein with a molecular weight of 45 kDa.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):22-27
22-27
DIFFERENTIATION OF SOIL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN INTENSIVE APPLE ORCHARDS OF CENTRAL RUSSIA
摘要
The objects of research were soils in intensive apple orchards of the Lipetsk and Tambov regions. The biological activity of row spacing and trunk strips was compared. At the age of 16 in apple orchards, the cellulolytic activity of the soil in the 10-100 cm row spacing layer is lower than in the trunk strips: on leached chernozem - by 6.8 times, on meadow-chernozem soil - by 6.8 times, on chernozem-meadow soil - by 5.8 times, on gray forest soil - by 8.5 times. In the meadow-chernozem soil of the inter-row zone of apple orchards, compared with the trunk strips, there were fewer bacteria in the 0-40 cm layer by 1.7-2.3 times, yeast in the 0-10 cm layer by 2.2 times, mold fungi in the 0-10 cm layer by 2.3 times, and mold fungi in the 10-40 cm layer by 7.3 times. On the gray forest soil in the row-by-row zone of apple orchards, compared with the trunk strips, there were fewer bacteria in the 0-10 cm layer by 2.6 times, bacteria in the 10-40 cm layer by 3.7 times, yeast in the 0-40 cm layer by 1.2-1.5 times, mold fungi in the 0-40 cm layer by 1.4-2.4 times. Leached chernozem in the row-to-row zone of apple orchards contained fewer bacteria in a 10-40 cm layer by 1.4 times, yeast by 7.5-10.8 times, mold fungi in a 0-10 cm layer by 6 times, and in a 10-40 cm layer by 112 times. A close correlation has been established between the humus content in the humus horizon of soils and the intensity of fiber degradation (r = 0.99).
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):28-32
28-32
INFLUENCE OF ROOT AND NON-ROOT NUTRITION OF APPLE TREE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF FRUIT
摘要
The article presents the results of research on the study of new methods of apple growing technology in the conditions of the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria, an assessment of the influence of these agrotechnical techniques on the quality of fruits and fruiting is given. In Experiment No. 1, the issue of root nutrition of an apple tree is considered. For comparison, different types and methods of applying fertilizers to the trunk strip were taken among themselves. Fertilizers monokalium phosphate, calcium nitrate, and Kalimag were selected for the experiment. The use of calcium nitrate contributed to the accumulation of calcium in fruits. And monokalium phosphate contributed to the better laying of generative kidneys. Kalimag was chosen as a nitrogen-free fertilizer and was applied to accumulate potassium and magnesium in the plant, which contributed to the set of fruit caliber. In experiment No. 2, the effect of leaf treatments on apple yields was compared, as well as the difference between liquid leaf top dressing and dry. Preparations were taken for the experiments: Polydon N+, Polydon Magnesium 70, carbamide, magnesium sulfate. Trees without leaf dressing were used as a control. Carbamide and Polydon N+ were introduced into the “bud separation” phase, to fertilize trees with nitrogen immediately before flowering in order to stimulate ovary formation. Magnesium sulfate and Polydon magnesium 70 are sources of magnesium, which stimulates the process of photosynthesis, and they were treated in the “outgoing flowering” phase. During this period, after flowering, the plant, having experienced stress, must mobilize all available resources in order for the formed ovary to be supplied with nutrients, and magnesium will improve photosynthesis, thereby increasing the influx of assimilants to the ovary. As a result of the experiment, data were obtained that allow us to conclude that root and foliar fertilization of apple trees improve the yield and quality indicators of fruits.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):33-35
33-35
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF INDIVIDUAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BEET MOLASSES
摘要
Beet molasses is a valuable renewable raw material resource, the inclusion of which in circulation allows the creation of new sources of income. The viscosity and density of molasses are of great importance for storage and transportation, as well as in sugar production during centrifugation of the massecuite of the last stage of crystallization, and for technological operations in related industries. Recent changes in sugar beet cultivation technology and the modernization of the technical and technological state of food technology have led to some changes in the physical and chemical properties of molasses. The aim of the study is to predict the viscosity of beet molasses based on the correlation dependence on its density and main chemical indicators. Physicochemical monitoring data of molasses collected from 2021 to 2024 were tested for anomalies using parametric Grubbs’ and Dixon’s criteria. The degree of conformity with the normal distribution law was assessed using parametric tests of the third- and fourth-order central moments (asymmetry and kurtosis), as well as non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson tests. Regression coefficients and their estimates were obtained using the least squares method. The quality of the regression equation and significance of its coefficients were determined by the coefficient of determination, Fisher’s criterion, t-statistics, and p-values. Based on probabilistic analysis, indicators determining the properties and composition of beet molasses were studied and expressed through adequate regression equations. Due to the additive nature of these indicators, dynamic viscosity can be determined using the derived relationships after measuring relevant parameters. The given regression equations can be modified upon obtaining additional data on the content of other chemicals in molasses that affect its rheological properties.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):36-41
36-41
NEW DOMESTIC TOMATO VARIETIES BREEDED BY FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER OF VEGECULTURE IN IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF DAGESTAN
摘要
The research was conducted in 2022-2024 in order to study new domestic tomato varieties (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and a comprehensive assessment of economically valuable indicators in the irrigated conditions of the Republic of Dagestan. The work was carried out at the base in the Tersko-Sulak sub-province of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution of the FANC RD Babayurt district. According to the maturation periods, the samples belong to the very early ones: Severyanka, Blagodatny, Magnat, Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Viking (from shoots to maturation 90-105 days), early: Commonwealth (106-111 days) and mid-early: Torch (110-115 days). The yield of tomato varieties varied on average over 3 years from 45.2 to 84.8 t/ha. On average, for 3 years, a significant increase in the previous harvest was provided by the varieties Blagodatny, Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Severyanka, Magnat (42.3-31.5 t/ha). The marketability of fruits ranges from 78 to 92% on average. The weight of the fruit varies depending on the variety from 75.6 to 125 g on average over 3 years with HCR05 = 11. The fruit index ranged on average from 0.5 to 1.3. The dry matter content varied depending on the year from 4.2 to 6.8%. According to the average data for 3 years and the average values for 2 years, the varieties Blagodatny and Voskhod VNIISSOKa were distinguished by the highest dry matter content. The total sugar content ranged from 3.01 to 3.42%. The vitamin C content of the studied varieties is based on the average for 2023-2024. It was 24.24-44.93 mg%. All varieties have a high vitamin C content, regardless of the year. The profitability analysis showed that growing tomatoes using root dressing in open ground conditions is an economically sound technique, since the profitability levels were 150 and 180%, respectively.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):42-47
42-47
ASSESSMENT OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS WHEN MINIMIZING THE PRIMARY CULTIVATION OF CHERNOZEM SOIL IN THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
摘要
The problem of climate warming has taken on a planetary character. It has been proven that the annual flow of CO2 from the soils of our planet reaches 50-77 gigatons of carbon dioxide, which increases the temperature of the agroecosystem and creates a greenhouse effect. The scientific community is actively exploring ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and its deposition by the soil. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of minimizing tillage of chernozem soil on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere was studied according to the scheme of application of basic tillage: 1. The fallow (47 years old)- control; 2. The plowing to a depth of 23-25 cm; 3. Combined plowing with a six-year cycle of discing to a depth of 10-12 cm after plowing; 4. Without tillage, with direct sowing of spring wheat (Novosibirskaya 31 variety) SKP-2.1. The repeatability in the experiments was 3-fold, the plots were placed sequentially, the accounting area was 100 m2 (25×4). The humus content in the 0-30 cm layer of meadow-chernozem soil is 6.81%, the actual рН is 5.3; with an average content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium. The carbon dioxide emission intensity was studied at fixed sites in each variant. Sampling was carried out from steady-state chambers, the base of which, after removing vegetation, was immersed 2-4 cm into the soil. The CO2 content was measured in the laboratory using a LICOR Li-830 instrument. CO2 sampling, measurement of soil temperature and humidity were carried out over 15 times of the growing season with an interval of 7 days. The parameters of the soil temperature of 16.1-18.1°C, at which the maximum intensity of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere was recorded, and the soil temperature of 8.0-10.8°C, at which the rate of CO2 emissions decreased to 0.4 kg/ha∙hour. An increase in CO2 emissions was also noted in the soil moisture range of 19.1-37.3%, and an increase of over 48% and a decrease of less than 20% leads to one and a half times decrease in CO2 emissions (below 7.5 kg/ha∙h). The ecological and economic advantages of combined tillage have been proven, CO2 emissions decreased to 2.7 kg/ha∙hour and were 2.2 times lower than in plowing. Minimizing basic tillage allowed us to obtain grain with the lowest cost of 6,806 rubles/ton and the highest profitability of its production.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):48-54
48-54
Farming
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT “DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ACTION PROGRAMS TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION...” FOR 14 SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
摘要
Areas affected by land degradation and desertification occupy an area in Russia more than 120 million hectares. Agricultural lands, located mainly in the grain belt of the Russian Federation, suffer particularly from this. In connection with the current situation, in 2022, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 29, 2022 No. 3240-r, an innovative project of state importance “Unified National System for Monitoring Climate-Active Substances” was approved. In the context of the Project implementation, the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FSC Agroecology RAS) conducted research in 2022-2024 “Creation and development of a system for monitoring the current state of desertified lands, modeling and forecasting the development of desertification processes in territories, restoration of damaged lands in arid, subarid and dry subhumid regions to ensure actions to combat desertification”. The study resulted in the National Action Programs to Combat Desertification (NAPCD) for 14 subjects of the Russian Federation (Republics of Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Tyva, Khakassia, Chechnya, Territories of Altai, Krasnoyarsk (southern part), Stavropol and Regions of Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov, Rostov). One of the significant results of the work was the creation and commissioning of the geoinformation system Desertification and its Monitoring with a mobile application. Its goal is to reduce labor costs for processing and analyzing remote sensing data, optimize the processes of generating information products, create specialized cartographic and reporting materials using neural network algorithms, mathematical and cartographic modeling of the state, functioning and dynamics of desertified territories, as well as managing desertification processes. The presented materials are informative and can be used for predictive assessments and decision-making to minimize anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and combat desertification.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):55-57
55-57
TO THE QUESTION OF FORECASTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER RYE WITHIN THE AGROLANDSCAPE OF A MORAINE HILL
摘要
The yield monitoring (1998-2023) of winter rye was conducted within the moraine hill in order to find patterns in the influence of weather and landscape conditions on it. Crops were grown in the Tver region without fertilizers. It was revealed that its productivity varied from 0 to 63 c/ha. The years of research are combined into three clusters that differ in the nature of the spatial variability of the yield within the agrolandscape. The first cluster - years with cold and dry demi-season periods, the second - with warm and damp spring and autumn and dry summer, the third - with standard demi-season periods and wet summer. The maximum yield, as well as its spatial variability, was observed in the second cluster. The probability of occurrence of the climatic conditions of the first cluster is 42%, the second - 33%, the third - 25%. It is shown that changes in the climatic conditions lead to a transformation of a set of landscape factors that reliably affect the yield. For the first cluster, an increase in yield depends on stones (26%) and fine fractions (8%) in the soil, as well as on the altitude (13%). The degree of heating of the territory (3%) and soil acidity (4%) have a negative effect. For the second cluster, the yield positively depends on the sum of dust fractions (11%) and the altitude (10%), and negatively on the content of coarse dust (8%), phosphorus (4%) and the curvature of the surface (6%) in the soil. Under the conditions of the third cluster, an increase in pH (9%) has a positive effect on the yield, and a negative effect - on the altitude (22%) and the content of potassium in the soil (7%). Models have been developed that make it possible to predict the yield of a crop in the space of agrolandscapes of a terminal moraine ridge, as well as genetically close territories. Combining yield maps obtained for conditions of different clusters will allow identifying areas optimal for growing crops, as well as predicting yield variability under changing climatic conditions.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):58-64
58-64
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS RECLAMATION COMPLEX
摘要
The North Caucasian region is a large agricultural enclave, the main agricultural lands of which are located in strongly and weakly arid natural and climatic zones, in which only the development of irrigated agriculture can ensure the receipt of high and stable yields of agricultural crops. The main negative factors that reduce the potential of the irrigation fund are reclaimed lands that are not used in agricultural production, due to physical wear and tear and destruction of infrastructure structures, the lack of planned construction and installation work on modernization and regulatory modes of operation of the irrigation network. Innovative development of the agrarian and economic territories of the North Caucasus, with existing hydraulic and reclamation facilities, involves a technical, environmental and economic feasibility study of development programs, the development, launch and implementation of consistently balanced economic, technical and institutional processes that will ensure the innovative modernization of engineering and reclamation infrastructure to improve the reliability of water supply linear facilities and of structures, quality and productivity of technological operations in the operation of reclamation and water management systems. In the context of climate change and violation of the hydrological regime, taking into account the forecast of a decrease in renewable water resources and moisture supply in the North Caucasus region, an increase in water consumption and competition between sectors of the production sector, the main water users need to determine the ways of rational use of the reclamation fund, ensuring environmental requirements, social and economic efficiency of functioning and innovative development reclamation fund of the North Caucasus region. An important scientific task is to study and substantiate a methodological approach to analyzing and determining the social effectiveness of the innovative development of the reclamation infrastructure of the North Caucasus on the basis of the implementation of an integrated complex of agro-reclamation and hydrotechnical measures. taking into account the environmental, socioeconomic, technical and operational aspects of the functioning of engineering and reclamation systems on irrigated lands.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):65-70
65-70
Zootechnics
POLYMORPHISM OF GH, CAST, GDF9 AND KAP1.3 GENES IN THE ANDEAN SHEEP BREED WITH SEMI-COARSE WOOL
摘要
Marker selection opens up new horizons for targeted breeding work. Using genetic markers, it is possible to select animals with certain desirable traits at the embryonic stage or soon after birth. This allows us to significantly reduce the time required to obtain highly productive animals. Thus, the goal of our work is to search for and study selection-significant alleles of genes. Experiments with a sample of crossbreeds to study selection-significant alleles of the GH, GDF9, CAST, KAP1.3 genes associated with such economically useful indicators as growth and development, live weight and wool productivity were carried out at the livestock farm of OOO UKHO. Genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction in relation to the above-described genes. In Andean sheep, the homozygous genotype GDF9GG prevailed, amounting to 80.0%. The heterozygous genotype GDF9AG is present in the studied group of animals in an insignificant amount - 5.0%. The number of ewes carrying homozygous genotypes GDF9AA and GDF9GG in the studied sample was 19 heads, with animals with the GDF9AA genotype accounting for 3 sheep, and animals with the GDF9GG genotype - 16 heads. The obtained results of the analysis of the genetic structure of the studied sample of Andean sheep for the GH, CAST and GDF9 genes indicate a significant deficiency of heterozygotes.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):71-74
71-74
DETOXIFICATION OF ANIMALS’ LIVER WITH MODISORB PLUS WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAVY METALS
摘要
The article presents the results of a study to justify the usage of Modisorb Plus in combined toxic liver damage in animals with cadmium chloride and lead acetate. It has been established that the usage of Modisorb Plus in the diet of sheep, as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for damage by cadmium and lead, helps to normalize hematological parameters. Adding 25 mg / kg of the drug to sheep feed contaminated with cadmium chloride and lead acetate (Group III) for 45 days helps prevent the development of pathological changes in the liver of sheep. Modisorb Plus has a hepatoprotective effect and can be recommended, as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, when the liver of animals is exposed to cadmium and lead in ecologically unfavorable regions.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):75-78
75-78
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZED TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGING BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PERENNIAL AGROCENOSES BY BIOECONOMIC CRITERIA
摘要
Functional imbalances have been identified that have a significant impact on the development of the real sector of the economy and the organization of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses, causing a decrease in functional and system-wide stability as a result of the negative impact of macroeconomic processes, factors of chemical and man-made intensification and climatic factors. The necessity of developing digitalized technologies for managing biotechnological processes in perennial agrocenoses is substantiated. The main reasons for the low level of digital transformation of processes in the horticulture industry have been identified. The functional load of a number of concepts has been clarified, and, first of all, the fundamental ones, such as biotechnology, bioeconomics, management of biotechnological processes, and digital technologies. The criteria of bioeconomics are systematized, characterizing the optimal balance between biological and economic resources, which allows the system (process) to work in a preset mode and ensure ecological and economic efficiency, biologization and rational use of natural resources. The types of digital technological solutions in the management of biotechnological processes in long-term agrocenoses based on developments in priority areas of research are considered. An algorithm has been developed for creating and analyzing the effectiveness of using digitalized technologies for managing biotechnological processes in complex natural and man-made systems according to the criteria of bioeconomics.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):79-83
79-83
Veterinary entomology
SEARCH FOR CHEMICALS WITH ACARICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST VARROA DESTRUCTOR ACCARIDS - PARASITES OF HONEY BEES APIS MELLIFERA L
摘要
The aim of the study is to review new methods of Varroa destructor mite control based on the biological nature of honey bee and mite. Literature sources were analyzed to compare the life cycles of these objects. Data on changes in mite behavior under the influence of the compounds selected by screening are presented. Researchers screened 13 chemicals among which are dialkoxybenzene, esters of 5-(2’-hydroxyethyl) cyclopent-2-en-1-ol(cy-esters), and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), a known insect repellent. These dialkoxybenzene and cy-ether compounds, when acting on mites, shift their preference from foraging bees to foraging bees. DEET does not affect the behavior of honey bees and their preference, but reduces the ability of mites to reach bees. Of the substances in this series, 5-(2’-methoxyethyl) cyclopent-2-ene-1-butoxydieether showed the greatest activity, exerting a dose-dependent (0.01 µg and 0.1 µg) suppression of the mite’s foreleg response to volatile substances in bee honey. Long-term effects were achieved at a low (0.01 µg) dose. Exposure to the compound causes an inversion of mite preference with impaired chemical recognition by bees. In experiments to study acaricidal activity, a dose of 1 µg of 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene resulted in the death of 70% of the mites after 4 hours of exposure, and after 6 hours 90% of the mites were killed. To confirm these results of laboratory experiments it is necessary to conduct experiments in apiary conditions.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):84-87
84-87
Processes & Machines of Agroengineer Systems
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR STORING PLANTING MATERIAL AND REMOVING INFECTED VEGETABLE CROPS
摘要
One of the directions for the development of vegetable growing is its intensification. The most successful intensification of production is carried out in large vegetable farms. An important factor in the intensification of vegetable growing at the present stage is the use of intensive, resource-saving production technologies. The modern market of agricultural machinery is saturated with a large number of machines, both domestic and, mainly, imported. Therefore, this circumstance indicates the need to develop and select science-based systems of machines, including those with technological support for machine complexes with digital equipment that allows monitoring the quality of a certain technological operation and interpreting the information received by a technical means to change the initial state of the object of influence, which is current scientific problem. Purpose of the study. Development of an innovative technology for the removal of infected potato and vegetable plants for breeding and seed production in a digital agricultural production system with robotic elements and electrophysical methods, allowing to increase the yield and maximum yield of vegetable crops and potatoes, allowing to determine the factors for increasing the yield and quality of vegetable crops.Material and methods. The systematization and generalization of modern technological processes in the selection and seed production of vegetable crops and potatoes in the system of digital agricultural production with elements of robotization and electrophysical methods, as well as analytical studies of machine technology and technical means for removing infected vegetable crops and potatoes in breeding and seed production. An innovative technology has been developed for removing infected potato and vegetable crops in breeding and seed production. Research results. An indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative technology of variety phytocleaning has been developed, taking into account the parameters of economic and agrotechnical indicators, as well as metal consumption, energy intensity and reliability. An increase in the quality of recognition of infected plants was established when using in the implementation of innovative technology of optical identification systems installed on aerial monitoring tools and a technological platform. Discussion and conclusion. The theoretical foundations of an innovative technology for removing infected potato and vegetable crops in breeding and seed production have been developed.
Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2025;(3):88-96
88-96