SENSIBILITY OF COMMON BEAN VARIETIES TO SOWING TIME CHANGES

The influence of the sowing time of common beans on the realization of the productive potential of varieties in the changing agroclimatic conditions of the Middle Amur region in 2022–2024 has been studied. The variability of the duration of the interphase periods of the studied varieties has been established depending on the timing of sowing. With a late sowing date at the end of the first decade of June, the duration of the growing season decreased from 91 to 73 days for Khabarovskaya and Geliada varieties and from 100 to 75 days for Shokoladnitsa varieties compared to the early sowing period in the second decade of May. The correlation analysis revealed that the duration of the growing season is most closely correlated with the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.77–0.94). To realize the productive potential of the early–maturity Khabarovskaya and Geliada varieties, the sum of active temperatures should be at least 1562°C, for the medium–late variety Shokoladnitsa – at least 1751°C with precipitation in the range of 444.0 – 447.0 mm, respectively. For the Khabarovskaya and Geliada varieties, the sowing period is not a limiting factor for the formation of yields, which ranged from 3.3–3.7 t/ha and 3.4–3.6 t/ha, respectively. The sowing period has a significant impact on the formation of yields of the medium–late variety Shokoladnitsa, the maximum yield was formed at early sowing dates in the second and third decades of May and amounted to 3.7 and 3.6 t/ha, respectively. A high direct relationship has been established between yield and number of beans per plant (r = 0.80–0.88), yield and weight of seeds per plant (r = 0.86–0.99).