Modern state of the undeveloped near-surface disposal of special radioactive wastes at the epicenter of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Crystal» (Yakutia): evidence from electrical resistivity tomography, land geomagnetic survey and water runoff study

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

详细

Relevance. Risks of the radionuclides entering the human environment.

Aim. To assess the current geoecological state of the undeveloped near-surface disposal of special radioactive wastes in the form of the block-rubble artificial cover at the epicenter of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion "Crystal".

Object. Due to the explosion "Crystal", carried out in 1974 in the frozen rocks at the depth of 98 m, an upthrust dome with a collapsed central part was produced at the epicenter. The central explosion area became the site of special radioactive wastes emplacement. A high content of radionuclides determined in epicenter soils exceeds the minimum activity values for solid waste. To cryogenic immobilization of radionuclides in epicenter soils and to prevent the radionuclides exit from the central explosion area, the head of the emplacement hole and the dome-shaped mound were buried under the block-rubble stone material (limestone and dolomite fragments) in 1992, and the artificial cover was topped up in 2006. An ice-soil layer of 0.6 m thick was frozen in it in 2006.

Methods. Electrical resistivity tomography, land geomagnetic survey, radiometric measurements, liquid scintillation spectrometry, beta-radiometry and alpha-spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical preparation of countable samples.

Results. The block-rubble artificial cover is not frozen and waterlogged. Snowmelt and rain waters seep through the cover. There is probably free air convection in the cover, which leads to the condensation of atmospheric moisture and then accumulation of water in it. Nevertheless, nowadays the migration of radionuclides with water from under the block-rubble artificial cover is characterized as low-intensity: the activity (Bq/dm3) of 3H is only 4–12, 90Sr – 0.004–0.4, 239,240Pu and 238Pu isotopes were not detected (<0.000001 Bq/dm3). According to these indicator parameters, there is currently no need in additional measures to strengthen or modify the block-rubble artificial cover.

作者简介

Svetlana Artamonova

V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: artam@igm.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1428-6762

Dr. Sc., Senior Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, 3, Akademician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090

Aleksandr Shein

Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS; Arctic Research Center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Email: A.N.Shein@yandex.ru

Cand. Sc., Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Leading Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, 3, Akademician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090; 20, Respubliki street, Salekhard, 629008

参考

  1. Rikhvanov L.P. Radioactive elements in the environment & challenges of the radioecology. Tomsk, STT Publ., 2009. 430 p. (In Russ.)
  2. Kim Ji-Hyun, Seo Eun-A, Kim Do-Gyeum, Chung Chul-Woo. Utilization of recycled cement powder as a solidifying agent for radioactive waste immobilization. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, vol. 289, Iss. 2, ID 123126.
  3. Marsh A., Williams L., Lawrence J.A. The important role and performance of engineered barriers in a UK geological disposal facility for higher activity radioactive waste. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2021, vol. 137, ID 103736.
  4. Krauskopf K.B. Radioactive waste disposal and geology. London, New York, Chapman and Hall Ltd, 1988. 145 p.
  5. Malkovsky V., Yudintsev S., Ojovan M. Forecast of 241Am migration from a system of deep horizontal boreholes. Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, Iss. 20, ID 15134.
  6. Peaceful nuclear explosion: common and radiation safety arrangements. Ed. by V.A. Logachev. Moscow, IzdAT Publ., 2001. 512 p. (In Russ.)
  7. Adushkin V.V., Spivak A.A. Underground explosions. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2007. 579 p. (In Russ.)
  8. Artamonova S.Y., Kozhevnikov N.O., Antonov E.Y. Permafrost and groundwater settings at the site of “Kraton-3” peaceful underground nuclear explosion (Yakutia) from TEM data. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2013, vol. 54, pp. 555–565.
  9. Repin V.S., Ramzaev V.P., Biblin A.M., Varfolomeeva K.V., Zelentsova S.A., Sednev K.A., Ilyichev V.A., Kasatkin A.V., Kasatkin V.V. Estimation of the protected zone sizes for peaceful nuclear explosions based on quantitative patterns of the Earth’s interior deformation. Radiation Hygiene, 2023, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 134–147. (In Russ.)
  10. Kasatkin V.V., Ilichev V.A., Myasnikov K.B., Klishin V.I., Mamonov B.P. State of radiation safety on the objects of the peaceful nuclear explosions on territory of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)]. Radiation safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Proc. of II Republic Scientific-practical conference. Yakutsk, Yakutsk Division SB RAS Publ., 2004. pp. 82–100. (In Russ.)
  11. Kasatkin V.V., Kamnev E.N., Klishin V.I., Ilichev V.A. Radioactive contamination and the Project of Remediation of «Globus-1» site. Environmental Safety, 2009, no. 1, pp. 82–86. (In Russ.)
  12. Rosen Klas, Haak Enok. Resource requirement for countermeasures and clearing at nuclear accidents in Swedish agriculture (Resursbehov för motåtgärder och sanering vid kärnenergiolyckor i svenskt jordbruk). Karstad, Räddningsverket Publ., 2006. 95 p.
  13. Kobayashi M., Matsunami H., Tsuruta S., Sato H., Ando S. Four-year decline in radioactive cesium transfer to perennial Gramineae candidate bioenergy crops in a field polluted by radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011. Grassland Science, 2016, vol. 62, Iss. 3, pp. 194–200.
  14. Dutov A.I., Puzanova L.A. Agroecologiccal aspects of agriculture restoration on area contaminated by radionuclides (on the example of Chernibyl accident). Bulletin of Udmurt University. Biology, geosciences div., 2022, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 140–148. (In Russ.)
  15. Chuikov Yu.S., Dosmukhamedova G.G. Object «Vega» and peaceful nuclear explosions consequences. Astrakhan Bull. of ecological education, 2006, no. 1–2 (8–9), pp. 46–71. (In Russ.)
  16. Khramtsov E.V. Radiation state on the territory of peaceful nuclear explosion «Globus-1» site after rehabilitation works. Radiation Hygiene, 2019, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 58–68. (In Russ.)
  17. Fedorov A.N., Shestakova A.A., Torgovkin Ya.I., Vasilev N.F. Digital thematic mapping of modern condition of Permafrost landscapes in Yakutia. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series «Earth Sciences», 2019, no. 2, pp. 36–49. (In Russ.)
  18. Shvartsev S.L. Calcium, strontium and barium sources in strong and ultra-strong brines of the calcium chlorid type (in connection with the formation of the latter). Geology and Geophysics, 1973, no. 6, p. 23–30. (In Russ.)
  19. Alekseev S.V. Cryohydrogeologic systems of Yakutsk Diamond-Bearing Province. Novosibirsk, Academic «Geo» Publ., 2009. 319 p. (In Russ.)
  20. Artamonova S.Yu., Bondareva L.G., Antonov E.Yu., Kozhevnikov N.O. Geoecologic model of «Crystal» peaceful underground nuclear explosion area (Yakutia). Environmental Geosciences, 2012, Iss. 2, pp. 143–158. (In Russ.)
  21. Golubov B.N., Sapozhnikov Yu.A., Goralchuk A.V. Radionuclides migration from the confinement cavity of the underground thermonuclear explosion «Crystal» into diamond mining quarry. Radiation safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Proc. of II Republic Scientific-practical Conference. Yakutsk, Yakutsk Division SB RAS Publ., 2004. pp. 182–192. (In Russ.)
  22. Artamonova S., Shein A., Potapov V., Kozhevnikov N., Ushnitsky V. Shallow permafrost at the crystal site of peaceful underground nuclear explosion (Yakutia, Russia): evidence from electrical resistivity tomography. Energies, 2022, vol. 15, Iss. 1, ID 15010301.
  23. Burtsev I.S., Kolodeznikova E.N. Radiation situation in the diamond-bearing regions of Yakutia (preprint). Yakutsk, YaNC SO RAN Publ., 1997. 52 p. (In Russ.)
  24. Ramzaev V.P., Golikov V.Yu., Mishin A.S., Travnikova I.G., Kaduka M.V., Kravtsova O.S., Bruk G.Ya., Kaidanovskii G.N., Basalaeva L.A., Gedeonov A.D., Bulatenkov Yu.V., Petrovskii V.V., Koroleva T.M., Strand P., Braun D. Modern radiation-hygienic state in area of peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Kraton-3» and «Crystal» on the territory RS (Ya). Radiation safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Proc. of II Republic Scientific-practical Conference. Yakutsk, Yakutsk Division SB RAS Publ., 2004. pp. 123–133. (In Russ.)
  25. Kiselev V.V., Burtsev I.S. Elimination of the consequences of emergency underground nuclear explosions in the cryolithozone. Yakutsk, YaNC SB FAS Publ., 1999. 148 p. (In Russ.)
  26. Myasnikov K.V., Kasatkin V.V., Ilichev V.A., Akhunov V.D. Emergency situation on the objects of peaceful nuclear explosions in Russia. Radioactivity within nuclear explosions and accidents. Proc. of Inter. Conference. St Petersburg, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 2000. p. 35. (In Russ.)
  27. Kasatkin V.V., Ilichev V.A., Latyshev V.E., Mamonov B.P., Kasatkin A.V., Sedov N.S. Monitoring of the emergency objects PUNE «Kraton-3», «Crystal» after rehabilitation measures. Radiation safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Proc. of III Republic Scientific-practical Conference. Yakutsk, 18–20 October, 2004. Yakutsk, IB Ivanov «SMIK-MASTER» Publ., 2012. pp. 144–154. (In Russ.)
  28. Lobanov V.V., Mishhenko Yu.V., Seller E.V. Justification for adjustments to design solution to eliminate the consequences of emergency nuclear explosions in Western Yakutia (objects «Crystal» and «Kraton-3»). Radiation safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Proc. of II Republic Scientific-practical Conference. Yakutsk, Yakutsk Division SB RAS Publ., 2004. pp. 100–107. (In Russ.)
  29. Chevychelov A.P., Sobakin P.I., Molchanova I.V. Radioactive contamination of Permafrost – affected soils with 137Cs and 90Sr, the products of an accidental underground nuclear explosion. Eurasian soil science, 2006, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 1362–1369.
  30. Gedeonov A.D., Petrov E.R., Kuleshova I.N., Savopulo M.L., Shkroev V.Yu., Alexeev V.G., Arkhipov V.I., Burtsev L.S. Residual radioactive contam ination at the peaceful underground nuclear explosion sites «Craton-3» and «Crystal» in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). J. of Environ. Radioact., 2002, vol. 60, Iss. 1–2, pp. 221–234.
  31. Ramzaev V., Mishine A., Golikov V., Brown J. E., Strand P. Surface ground contamination and soil vertical distribution of 137Cs around two underground nuclear explosion sites in the Asian Arctic, Russia. J. Environ. Radioact., 2007, vol. 92, Iss. 3, pp. 123–143.
  32. Artamonova S.Yu, Bondareva L.G., Melgunov M.S., Simonova G.V. Modern Radioecological situation at the site of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion “Crystal” and radionuclides in the surface waters of the adjacent territory (Western Yakutia). Radiochemistry, 2023, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 599–617.
  33. Artamonova S.Yu., Ushnitskii V.E., Troitskii D.Yu., Shuvaeva O.V., Polyakova E.V. Chemical composition of Surface water of the «Crystal» site and Uranium content in it in 2019. INTEREXPO Geo-Siberian Subsoil use. Engineering and technologies for searching, exploration and development of deposits. Economy. Geoecology. Proc. of XVI International Conference. Novosibirsk, 20–24 April 2020. Novosibirsk, IPGG SB RAS Publ., 2020. pp. 298–310. (In Russ.)
  34. Manual for RES2DMOD. Available at: https://www.geotomosoft.com/downloads.php (accessed 9 March 2024).
  35. Oni T., Falade A., Oso O. Application of electrical resistivity tomography in engineering site characterization: a case study of Igarra, Akoko Edo, Southwestern Nigeria. Malaysian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 84–87.
  36. Jabrane O., Azzab D.E., Martínez-Pagán P., Martínez-Segura M., Mahjoub H., Charroud M. Contribution of Python-based BERT software for landslide monitoring using Electrical Resistivity Tomography datasets. A case study in Tghat-Fez (Morocco). Data Brief., 2022, vol. 46, ID 108763.
  37. Olenchenko V.V., Faguet A.N., Overduin P., Angelopoulos M. Geoelectric structure of the subaquatic cryolithozone in Uomullakh-Kyuel lagoon (Laptev sea). Earth’s Cryosphere, 2023, no. 5, pp. 39–53.
  38. Manual for ZondRes2D. Available at: http://zond-geo.com/software/ (accessed 9 March 2024).
  39. Coscad3D.ru. Available at: www.coscad3d.ru (accessed 9 March 2024).
  40. Dolgal A.S. Effect of Earth sphericity on the results of aeromagnetic measurements over platobasalts (on the example of Norilsk region). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2019, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 26–33. (In Russ.)
  41. Artamonova S.Yu., Shein A.N., Potapov V.V., Kozhevnikov N.O., Novikova P.N., Ushnitskii V.E. Magnetic anomalies at the site of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Crystal» (Western Yakutia). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2020, vol. 331, no. 12, pp. 158–172. (In Russ.)
  42. MI – Methodology for Measuring the Volumetric Activity of Strontium-90 (90Sr) in Natural Water Samples (Fresh and Mineralized) Using the beta Radiometric Method with radiochemical Preparation. Number in the Federal Register FR.1.40.2014.18554, Certificate no. 40074.4Zh212/01.00294-2010 dated June 30, 2014. (In Russ.)
  43. MI – Methodology for Measuring the Volumetric Activity of Plutonium Isotopes (238Pu, 239+240Pu) in Natural Water Samples Using the alpha Spectrometric Method with Radiochemical Preparation. Number in the Federal Register FR.1.40.2013.15394, Certificate of Attestation 40073.3G185/01.00294-2010 (In Russ.)
  44. Artamonova S.Yu. Radioecological situation within area of pacific underground nuclear explosion «Kraton-3» (1978, Northwestern Yakutia). Chemistry for Sustainable Development, 2012, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 105–117.
  45. Klimovskii I.V., Gotovtsev S.P. Permafrost of the Yakut Diamond-Bearing Province. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1994. 165 p. (In Russ.)
  46. Mikulenko K.I., Chomchoev A.I., Gotovtsev S.P. Geological-geographical conditions of underground nuclear explosions and their consequences on the territory of Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Yakutsk, YaCC SB RAS Publ., 2006. 196 p. (In Russ.)
  47. Artamonova S.Yu. Tritium as the indicator of the radioecological situation of the site of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion “Crystal”. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education, 2019, no. 4 (52), pp. 4–13.
  48. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09. Radiation Safety Standards. Moscow, 2009. 116 p. (In Russ.)

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载


Creative Commons License
此作品已接受知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0国际许可协议的许可

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».