Relationships between personality traits and experience of loneliness

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Abstract

The aim of the study is to identify the relationships between various aspects of the loneliness and psychological well-being, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, social intelligence, and levels of hopelessness. The following methods were used: Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWB), Hall’s Social Intelligence Test (adapted by G. Rezapkina), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS), Beck’s Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Loneliness Experience Questionnaire (Manakova). Statistical analysis included correlation analysis. Significant negative correlations were found between the negative, spiritual, and physical aspects of loneliness and components of psychological well-being, basic needs satisfaction, and social intelligence. A positive interpretation of loneliness as a temporary state was positively associated with self-awareness, self-motivation, autonomy, and personal growth. The most pronounced destructive effects were associated with the spiritual interpretation of loneliness and fear of responsibility. This study is the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between different aspects of the loneliness experience and four key psychological parameters: psychological well-being, basic needs satisfaction, social intelligence, and hopelessness. The scientific novelty lies in the empirical confirmation of the differentiated impact that various interpretations of loneliness have on these domains. The findings confirm that it is the interpretation of loneliness—not loneliness itself—that determines its psychological impact. Psychological processing and cognitive reappraisal of loneliness emerge as key mechanisms for preventing maladaptation and supporting mental health. Future research should focus on the development of cognitive intervention programs and preventive strategies aimed at mitigating the negative psychological consequences of loneliness.

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