Nº 3 (2023)
Articles
Scenario Methods for Assessing the Efficiency of Legal Regulation of the Socio-Economic Systems Development Processes under Uncertainty
Resumo
The article deals with the study of methodological problems of increasing the effectiveness of legislative regulation of Russian society and the state socio-economic development processes in the face of severe sanctions pressure from Western countries led by the United States. A complex of problems of improving the quality of law-making processes is considered. To assess the effectiveness of legal norms, it is proposed to use criteria and mechanisms for evaluating their efficiency, reflecting the degree of the goals set achievement in the process of their development, taking into account the costs and expended resources of various types. To solve the problems of advanced assessment of the developed legal norms effectiveness, it is proposed to use the scenario analysis methodology, which provides the possibility of information support and assessment of the quality of regulatory and legal decisions development and implementation within the framework of lawmaking processes. The approach proposed for solving the problems under consideration is based on the development and study of simulation models that allow analyzing a wide class of processes and phenomena in the legal, socio-political and socio-economic spheres. The results obtained in the course of the study allow to conclude that it is expedient to introduce the scenario-forecasting expertise procedures into the practice of drafting legislative acts, their analysis and efficiency evaluation (including the assessment of the effectiveness of law enforcement practice), which will complement the set of currently used procedures for the comprehensive examination of draft laws (legal, juridical-technical, criminological, anti-corruption, linguistic, etc.).
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):1-31
1-31
Non-Lethal Weapons as a Means of Expanding the Capabilities to Defeat the Enemy
Resumo
The subject of the study is the impact on the enemy during armed conflicts of varying intensity, the object of the study is the features of the so-called "non-lethal" weapons used in this process. The author has studied in detail the process of influencing enemy objects during the conduct of military operations with the use of non-lethal weapons, analyzed the features of its use in local wars and armed conflicts. The relevance of the study is determined by the appearance in leading foreign countries of updated conceptual and combat documents defining the principles and conditions for the use of non-lethal weapons. When writing a review article, general scientific research methods – analysis and synthesis - were used. Based on the analysis of the features of the use of non-lethal weapons during local wars and armed conflicts of recent times, the particular consequences of its use are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the purpose of using such weapons is not the humanization of conflicts stated in a number of conceptual documents, but to increase the effectiveness of defeating the enemy in difficult conditions of modern warfare. Thus, it is determined that the increasing role of non-lethal weapons in modern operations is determined by its physical properties, which make it possible to solve the tasks of defeating enemy objects and defending their objects in difficult background-target conditions characteristic of modern local wars and armed conflicts
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):32-48
32-48
Financial regulation of social innovations as a tool for ensuring social security
Resumo
The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of understanding of a certain system of financial regulation of social innovations, which does not allow to ensure the targeted orientation, stability and fullness of financial flows within the framework of the implementation of socio-innovative projects and financing of social innovations throughout their life cycle, which can qualitatively affect chronically unsolvable problems that hinder the improvement of social security of society and the state. The purpose of the article is to formulate an approach to the formation of an effective system of financial regulation of social innovations in order to ensure the social security of the state. The research methodology is based on the developments of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of social security, social innovation, financial regulation. Methods of generalization, analogy, statistical data analysis, tabular and graphical methods of information interpretation were used. The paper presents approaches to the concept and content of the concept of "social security"; the results of the author's calculation of indicators of social security of the Russian Federation in modern conditions by the index method, taking into account existing scientific developments, strategic planning documents, as well as publicly available statistical data; conceptual elements and approaches for the formation of an effective system of financial regulation of social innovations, based on the requirements of achieving social security. There are two types of financial regulation of social innovations (operational and strategic), levels of implementation (micro-regulation, mesoregulation, macro-regulation), the nature of the impact (stimulating or restrictive), forms of regulation (direct and indirect). The priority directions of financial regulation of social innovations to achieve social security are proposed.
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):49-63
49-63
Strategies for effective employment in the context of the current features of the Russian labor market: convergence of formal and informal mechanisms
Resumo
The labor market naturally, like any other market, is influenced by various factors that provoke social risks and threats. For the Russian labor market, first of all, this is a number of specific institutional defects and current features inherent in it, which provoke difficulties in achieving the desired social and labor status and limit opportunities for decent employment. Therefore, the study of strategies and mechanisms that contribute to their minimization does not lose its relevance. The object of the study is effective employment. The subject is attracted channels and employment strategies. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the concept of social capital, studies of the functioning of social capital in the Russian labor market, the concept of the egoset and the social graph. The empirical base of the analysis was made up of state statistics data. The paper uses secondary data analysis. The basis of the retrospective analysis was made up of monitoring data on youth issues conducted by the Socio-Political Research Sector of the Institute of Socio-Economic Research of the UFIC RAS in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the intensity of the use of formal and informal employment mechanisms. The reasons for the low intensity of the use of formal state intermediaries in the labor market in employment strategies are substantiated. It is shown that effective employment strategies are formed on the basis of convergence of formal and informal mechanisms for finding decent jobs. It is proved that the intensification of the use by job seekers of such an informal employment resource as social capital is a reaction to the presence of characteristic institutional defects and features of the modern Russian labor market.
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):64-78
64-78
Improvement of Digitalization Support Institutions as a Strategic Direction for Improving the Technological level of the Russian Manufacturing Industry
Resumo
The digital transformation of industry is one of the priorities of the development of the economy of the Russian Federation, as the introduction of modern technologies in production has a positive impact on the development of other industries. The basis for the introduction of digital technologies in industry is the desire for a comprehensive increase in efficiency and the creation of conditions for the successful operation of industries. Increasing the effectiveness of institutional support for the digitalization of Russian industry is especially relevant in the context of increasing geopolitical tensions. In this regard, the authors conducted a study aimed at analyzing the organizational structure of tools to support digitalization of the manufacturing industry and developing recommendations for its improvement. The authors analyzed the structure of the institutions of digitalization of the Russian industry, which includes six main institutions. Priority technologies and directions for the development of digitalization of industry corresponding to global trends are highlighted. According to the authors, in order to create a single digital space, a single platform can be created on which institutions can be located and interaction between them can be organized through the allocated priority technologies. Based on the results of the analysis of the organizational structure of tools to support the digitalization of the manufacturing industry, proposals have been developed to create a system of digitalization of the Russian industry that meets the level of threats to the Russian economy from the alliance of countries led by the United States.
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):79-91
79-91
Russian tax policy under sanctions pressure: theoretical approaches and alternative directions for practical implementation
Resumo
The article examines the theoretical and methodological issues of building the tax policy of the state in the face of overcoming the negative consequences of the sanctions pressure of the collective West and the United States. We presented the results of the analysis of external and internal factors influencing the implementation of the state tax policy. We have formed five groups of external factors that are most relevant for tax policy in the context of sanctions pressure in the present period of time (the significance of sanctions pressure; the objective need for a significant increase in budget revenues in the context of the military operation; the need for comprehensive support for organizations of the military-industrial complex; ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country; electoral campaign 2023-2024). Based on a generalization of Russian taxation practice in 2014-2021, we have identified the most effective tax tools to counteract the negative economic consequences of sanctions pressure on Russia. The result of the study was the substantiation of the feasibility of an alternative solution to the issue of switching to a progressive personal income tax as a tool to increase budget revenues and equalize income inequality between the rich and the poor. Two possible approaches to the implementation of the tax maneuver in the field of taxation of the population are argued. This is a revival in the Russian tax system of the previously levied (1992-2005) inheritance and gift tax, taking into account modern realities. We have shown the relevance of raising the VAT rate as a tool for transferring part of the tax burden from the population's income to their expenses (consumption).
National Security / nota bene. 2023;(3):92-108
92-108