The transformation of EU migration legislation: causes and consequences

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The subject of the study is the migration situation in EU. Against the background of global socio-economic transformations, the EU is facing multifaceted problems in managing migration processes, acting as one of the most attractive areas of modern migration. Mass migration flows are a natural companion of globalization and the policy of openness promoted by many States. The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of migration processes in the EU, focusing on the theoretical foundations, dynamics and current issues. Special attention is paid to the transformation of migration legislation in the EU member states in the period 2020-2023. The revealed data on new migration projects in the EU countries make it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in official EU legislation on this issue and formulate proposals for resolving the crisis situation. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach and the theory of multilevel management. The systematic approach was used in the work to identify the causes and consequences of the transformation of EU migration legislation within the framework of an integrated set of migration processes. The theory of multilevel management considers the issue both at the national level and at the level of the European Union. The novelty of the research lies in the development of scientific discourse on migration processes in the European Union. An in-depth analysis of migration dynamics in the EU, and as a result, the reasons for the transformation of migration legislation, expands the understanding of migration control mechanisms, and also evaluates the participation of EU member states in the formation of migration policy. The research contributes to the awareness of the interactions between migration and other socio-economic processes, which is significant for the academic community and the creation of educational programs. The practical significance of the study lies in its contribution to the formation and improvement of the EU migration policy. Based on the collected data and analytical conclusions, recommendations can be made to improve the current mechanisms of migration management, strengthen integration processes and maintain social balance.

References

  1. Пасякина Л.С. ЕС и трудовая миграция // Современная Европа. 2011. №3 (47). С. 94-96.
  2. Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on the limitation of admission of third-country nationals to the territory of the Member States for Employment. Euro-Lex. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31996Y0919%2802%29
  3. Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999 Presidency Conclusions. European Parliament. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_en.htm#c
  4. Биссон Л. С. Реализация концепции «Цивильного гражданства» в миграционной политике ЕС // Научно-аналитический вестник Института Европы РАН. 2019. №6. C. 87-91.
  5. Каргалова М. Миграция: «за» или «против» // Альманах. Форум – 2008: Новое в междисциплинарных исследованиях и дебатах. 2008. №2008. C. 338-340.
  6. Jonathan Woetzel, Anu Madgavkar. (2016). Global migration’s impact and opportunity. McKinsey Global Institute Report. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/employment-and-growth/global-migrations-impact-and-opportunity
  7. Dorn, D., Zweimüller, J. (2021). Migration and Labor Market Integration in Europe. "em"The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35"/em"(2), 51-53.
  8. Pitarakis L., & Gatopoulos D. (2024). The EU loses about a million workers per year due to aging. Migration official urges legal options. WSOC-TV. Retrieved from https://www.wsoctv.com/news/world/eu-loses-about/NHYWWNMTL6EXU6VFVH4Y55FLRM/
  9. Рахмона У. Европа зовет к себе трудовых мигрантов // РСМД Российский Совет по Международным Делам. 2023. Retrieved from https://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/rahmon-ulmasov/evropa-zovet-k-sebe-trudovykh-migrantov/
  10. Proposal for a Council Directive on the conditions of entry and residence for the purpose of paid employment and self-employment activities, COM (2001) 386 final 11 July 2001. European Commission. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2001:0386:FIN:EN:PDF
  11. Pascouau, Y. (2013). Intra-EU Mobility: The “Second Building Block» of the EU Labour Migration Policy. "em"European Policy Center EPC Issue Paper, 74"/em", 61-63.
  12. Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification [2003] OJ L 251/12. European Commission. 2003. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:251:0012:0018:en:PDF
  13. Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003 concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents, [2004] OJ L 16/44. European Commission. 2003. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:016:0044:0053:EN:PDF
  14. Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 December 2004 on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service, [2004] OJ L 375/12. European Commission. 2004. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2004%3A375%3A0012%3A0018%3AEn%3APDF
  15. Council Directive 2005/71/EC of 12 October 2005 on a specific procedure for admitting third-country nationals for the purposes of scientific research [2005] OJ L 289/15. European Commission. 2005. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2005:289:0015:0022:EN:PDF
  16. Carrera, S. (2017). Pathways Towards Legal Migration into the EU: Reappraising Concepts, Trajectories and Policies. Brussels: "em"Centre for European Policy Studies, 190"/em", 183-185.
  17. Council Directive 2009/50/EC of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment [2009] OJ L 155 17. European Commission, 2009. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:155:0017:0029:en:PDF
  18. Grütters, C., Strik, T. (2013). The Blue Card Directive: Central Themes, Problem Issues, and Implementation in Selected Member States. "em"Wolf Legal Publishers Oisterwijk"/em", 55-56.
  19. Verschueren, H. (2018). Employment and Social Security Rights of Third Country Nationals Under the EU Labour Migration Directives. "em"European Journal of Social Security, 20"/em"(2), 105-107.
  20. Directive 2014/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the conditions of entry and stay of third-country nationals for the purpose of employment as seasonal workers, OJ L 94/375, Article 3(b). European Commission. 2014. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0036
  21. Directive 2014/66/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer [2014] OJ L 157/1. European Commission. 2014. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0066
  22. Farcy, J.B. (2020). Labour Immigration Policy in the European Union: How to Overcome the Tension between Further Europeanisation and the Protection of National Interests? "em"European Jour­nal of Migration and Law, 22"/em"(2), 200-202.
  23. Luyten, K., & Díaz, S. G. (2019). Legal Migration to the EU. "em"European Parliament’s Study"/em", 1-12.
  24. European Commission. (2015). ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A European Agenda on Migration’ COM (2015) 240 final. European Commission. Retrieved from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-09/communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_en.pdf
  25. Legal Migration Fitness Check. (2019). European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/legal-migration/fitness-check_en
  26. Towards a Reform of the Common European Asylum System and Enhancing Legal Avenues to Europe COM(2016) 197 final 18. European Commission. 2016. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0197
  27. Dorn. J., & Zweimüller D. (2021). Migration and Labor Market Integration in Europe. "em"IZA Institute of Labor Economics. Discussion Paper Series"/em", 5-9.
  28. Press statement by President von der Leyen on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. European Commission. 2020. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_1727
  29. Communication from the commission on a new pact of migration and asylum. (2020). European Commission. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0609
  30. Document 32021L1883. Directive (EU) 2021/1883 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2021 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly qualified employment, and repealing Council Directive 2009/50/EC. European Commission. 2021. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021L1883
  31. Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the council concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (recast). Council of the European Union. 2022. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16000-2023-INIT/en/pdf
  32. Communication from the commission to the European parliament and the council «A strategy towards a fully functioning and resilient Schengen area». European Commission. 2021. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0277
  33. Document 52021PC0278. Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on the establishment and operation of an evaluation and monitoring mechanism to verify the application of the Schengen acquis and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1053/2013. European Commission. 2021. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0278
  34. Fighting migrant smuggling: 2021-2025 EU action plan. European Commission. 2021. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12724-EU-Action-Plan-against-migrant-smuggling-2021-2025-/public-consultation_en
  35. Рыбаков А.В. пакт о миграции и убежище как основа формирования новой миграционной политики Европейского союза // Право и политика. 2021. №10. С. 72-77.
  36. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. The EU strategy on voluntary return and reintegration. Brussels, 27.4.2021 COM. 2021. N 120 final. European Commission. 2021. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/homeaffairs/sites/default/files/pdf/27042021-eu-strategy-voluntary-return-reintegration-com-2021-120_en.pdf
  37. Irregular border crossings into EU so far this year highest since 2016. Frontex News. 2023. Retrieved from https://www.frontex.europa.eu/media-centre/news/news-release/irregular-border-crossings-into-eu-so-far-this-year-highest-since-2016-hZ9xWZ
  38. Migration could be ‘dissolving force for EU’, says bloc’s top diplomat. The Guardian. 2023. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/22/migration-eu-diplomat-josep-borrell-ukraine-china
  39. Commission welcomes the major progress achieved by Parliament and Council on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. European Commission Statement. 2023. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_6708
  40. Official Statements and Communiqués. Visegrad Group. Retrieved from https://www.visegradgroup.eu/documents/official-statements
  41. Asylim applicants in the EU. Eurostat website. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/news/themes-in-the-spotlight/asylum2018
  42. Отношение Польши к украинским беженцам // Анкарский Центр Исследований Кризисных Ситуаций и Политики. URL: https://clck.ru/37dWr6 (дата обращения 09.01.2024)
  43. The Fundamental Law of Hungary. Hungarian government website. Retrieved from https://www.parlament.hu/documents/125505/138409/Fundamental+law/73811993-c377-428d-9808-ee03d6fb8178
  44. Slovakia: Act No. 404/2011 Coll. on Stay of Aliens. European website on integration. Retrieved from https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/library-document/slovakia-act-no-4042011-coll-stay-aliens_en
  45. Migration policy of the Slovak republic. Perspective until the year 2020. Eastern Partnership. Retrieved from https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/slovensky/uvod/informacie-cudzinci/migration_policy.pdf
  46. Сommunication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A European Agenda on Migration. European Commission website. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/sites/antitrafficking/files/communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_en.pdf
  47. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2015-2016 SESSION Sittings of 7 to 10 September 2015. European Commission. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3c8ad544-9f54-11e7-b92d-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  48. Relocation: EU solidarity in practice: EU solidarity between member states. European Union website. Retrieved from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en
  49. Новый пакт по вопросам иммиграции вызвал серьезные разногласия в ЕС: Италия, Греция, Мальта и Кипр опасаются, что им по-прежнему придется принимать основной поток беженцев. TАСС. Retrieved from https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9578073
  50. В Польше раскрыли, к чему приведет принятие нового миграционного пакта в ЕС: Депутат ЕП Вишневска сочла плохим решением принятие миграционного пакта ЕС. Газета.ru. Retrieved from https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2023/12/24/21995485.shtml
  51. Меркулов А. Орбан: Брюссель "изнасиловал" Польшу и Венгрию, навязав им миграционный пакт. RGRU. 2023. Retrieved from https://rg.ru/2023/10/06/orban-briussel-iznasiloval-polshu-i-vengriiu-naviazav-im-migracionnyj-pakt.html (дата обращения 10.01.2024)
  52. Венгрия отказалась следовать новой миграционной политике Евросоюза:Глава МИД Венгрии Сийярто: ЕС не может навязывать стране решения по мигрантам. Известия. Retrieved from https://iz.ru/1623622/2023-12-20/vengriia-otkazalas-sledovat-novoi-migratcionnoi-politike-evrosoiuza
  53. Въезд запрещен: Северная Европа отгораживается от юга. ТАСС. Retrieved from https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/16867447/amp
  54. What's in France's controversial immigration law? Parliament adopted on Tuesday night a law on immigration that was described as an 'ideological victory' by far-right leader Marine Le Pen. Le Monde. Retrieved from https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/12/20/what-s-in-france-s-controversial-immigration-law_6361995_7.html
  55. Сенаторы приправили законопроект. Во Франции обсуждается закон об иммиграции // Коммерсантъ. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6365455 (дата обращения 10.01.2024)
  56. Giorgia Meloni: I won’t allow Italy to become Europe’s refugee camp. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/20/giorgia-meloni-i-wont-allow-italy-to-become-europe-refugee-camp
  57. Миграционная политика Италии: правы ли «правые»? // РСМД URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/young-and-smart/migratsionnaya-politika-italii-pravy-li-pravye/ (дата обращения 10.01.2024)
  58. В Германии согласовали новые меры по урегулированию нелегальной миграции // Интерфакс. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/world/929425 (дата обращения 10.01.2024)
  59. Ratajczak, M., & Broś, N. (2023). Humanitarian diplomacy. "em"Politeja, 82"/em", 143-145.
  60. «Это разобщает ЕС». В Европе сравнили миграционные решения с изнасилованием // Газета.ru. URL: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2023/10/07/17697085.shtml?updated (дата обращения 10.01.2024

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).