乙醇中毒死亡者面部的一些变化

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论证。面部变化（面部肿胀，颜色发紫或发青；流涎；流泪；A.P. Kurdyumov 描述的体征）是乙醇中毒时经常观察到的体征之一。然而，这些症状的诊断能力尚未得到研究，其发生机制也未得到描述。

研究目的是调查死者面部因乙醇中毒而发生的变化，并从现代角度评估这些变化的发生机制、特征和特异性。

材料和方法。本研究以法医检验局的档案为基础，开展了一项单中心回顾性横断面观察研究。该研究包括 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间的死亡病例（n=1181，中位年龄 52岁）。这些病例被分为五组：乙醇中毒、其他酒精中毒、窒息、其他暴力致死原因、自然死亡。

结果。女性年龄较大，血液中乙醇浓度无明显差异。53.1% 的乙醇中毒病例出现面部浮肿，59.5% 的病例出现面部青紫。A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的症状出现频率最低。面部浮 肿（p=0.002）和 A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的体征（p=0.014）在其他酒精中毒中比在窒息死亡中更常被观察到，而面部青紫（p=0.176）则没有类似的差异。面部青紫在酒精中 毒（59.53%）和其他酒精中毒（40.74%）中的敏感性最高，但在同类体征中特异性最低。在乙醇中毒和其他酒精中毒中，A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的体征的特异性最高。

结论。面部青紫是乙醇中毒中最敏感的体征，A.P. Kurdyumov 体征是所分析的体征中最特异的。在乙醇中毒和其他酒精中毒中都观察到了所研究的体征，但频率较低。所研究的法医征象在许多方面与临床医生观察到的潮汐综合征征象相似。

作者简介

Semyon S. Plis

Institute of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: SSPlis.work@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0232-0425
SPIN 代码: 4347-1925

MD

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Olesya V. Veselkina

Institute of Forensic Medicine and Pathology; Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute

Email: ves-olesya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9486-5421
SPIN 代码: 9188-2988

MD

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Aleksandr V. Maksimov

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute; Federal State University of Education

Email: mcsim2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1936-4448
SPIN 代码: 3134-8457

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Proposed scheme of the flush syndrome development mechanism.

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3. Fig. 2. Illustrations of the sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov (Reproductions from [7]).

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