三硝基芳香族炸药：现代应用、毒理学特征、测定方法

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过去常见的特屈儿和苦味酸等爆炸物已不再具有军事用途，但仍被用于和平目的，或单独使用，或与其他三硝基芳香族化合物（如三硝基甲苯）混合使用。它们的使用造成环境污染，进而导致植物、动物和人类中毒。也有在制造过程中因爆炸物中毒的案例。

中毒症状包括全身症状和特殊现象，如皮肤染色、NADP依赖性酶的生理效率受损，以及基因毒性和免疫毒性。

对科学文献的研究显示了化学分析探针的发展趋势。研究考虑仪器传感表面的不同变体和化合物的检测方法。离子迁移谱法在爆炸物的测定中很常见，但在其他化合物的化学和毒理学分析中却非常罕见。分析麻醉和精神药物的常用方法（气相色谱法/高效液相色谱法和质谱法的组合）也适用于测定三硝基芳香族炸药，但其结构中硝基的存在使此类研究变得复杂。解决这一问题的方法是将样品直接冷注入色谱柱。

虽然已开发的技术和方法多种多样，但对其应用于生物基质检查的可能性研究不够。有必要进行更多的化学和毒理学研究，以确定提取有关物质的最佳条件、仪器分析参数、储存样本的可能性以及法医学鉴定的其他问题解决。

作者简介

Norayr G. Pogosyan

Kursk State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: nulla1@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0276-1711
SPIN 代码: 4214-2739
俄罗斯联邦, Kursk

Vladimir K. Shormanov

Kursk State Medical University

Email: R-WLADIMIR@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8872-0691
SPIN 代码: 9160-9708

Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Kursk

Lekso L. Kvachakhiya

Kursk State Medical University

Email: lekso82@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5899-0420
SPIN 代码: 8108-0811

Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Kursk

Vladimir A. Omelchenko

Forensic Expert Center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory

Email: eku_adis@krn.mvd.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0504-3478
SPIN 代码: 3400-2710

Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnodar

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