非典型枪支射击中颅骨损伤：实践案例

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研究现实性：非典型枪支造成的伤害的特点是其形态的可变性，通常与典型的枪伤不同。这可能给法医诊断带来困难。了解非典型武器与发现的非典型炮弹相结合的设计特点，可以正确评估损坏的性质。

专家案例描述。描述了由非典型弹丸 - 4.5x60 毫米的射钉造成的枕骨和额骨的输入和输出枪伤的形态特征。由于射弹的穿透作用（组织缺损，穿孔骨折的壁向内呈锥形扩张），入口枪伤的特征在于典型的形态特征。出口是非典型的， 这是由于销钉从颅腔中不完全退出，以及损伤区域的解剖特征。

结论。非典型枪支和炮弹多种多样，其样品可能具有许多独特的设计和技术特征，对这些特征的了解可能对枪支伤害的法医鉴定至关重要。对枪支伤害性质和射击次数的综合法医评估传统上是基于损伤形态和对其他射击因素的检测，但在研究对象中存在枪支和/或其碎片大大有助于专家任务的完成。在我们提出的案例中，正确解释损害性质的主要作用是在头骨中存在非典型枪支 - 射钉。

作者简介

Viachaslau V. Siamionau

Belarusian State Medical University

Email: vjach_ws@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6106-1806
SPIN 代码: 1298-4821
白俄罗斯, Minsk

Andrei M. Tsiatsiuyeu

Belarusian State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: atetyuev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9240-2661
SPIN 代码: 2088-8111

MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Associate Professor

白俄罗斯, Minsk

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2. Fig. 1. Skull, back view (a). Penetrating defect in the central part of the occipital bone squama, external view (b) and view from the cranial cavity (с).

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3. Fig. 2. Skull base, anterior cranial fossa. Tapered tip of a metal foreign body protruding from the frontal bone squama. The metal foreign body trapped in the frontal bone squama ― concrete nail 4.5×60 mm.

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4. Fig. 3. Penetrating defect in the frontal bone squama, external view (a) and view from the cranial cavity (b).

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