根据莫斯科州的死亡医学证明,老年人死亡的主要原因

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论证。世界上老年人口比例逐渐提高。为了开展医疗和社会的救助工作,要理解老年人的主要死亡原因。

研究目的是在死亡医学证明的基础上确定和讨论老年人的主要死亡原因。

材料和方法。从莫斯科州民事登记处总管理局的电子数据库(统一出生死亡结婚登记国家登记簿的系统)中挑选所以疾病列为根本死因的案例(排除了任何关于外源性死亡、损伤和中毒的编码),一共有109126个案例,其中90269个(82.7%)是60岁及以上的老人。组织了18组根本死因(95,2%是病死的);40442个(44,8%)医疗证明是法医鉴定中心签发的;一共在医院、家里和其他地方死亡的人数分别为50%,35.7%和14.3%。

结果。确定了5个主要死亡原因组:COVID-19(24,2%);与认识障碍和失智症有关的病理(21,15%;在60-69岁的人中为6.02%,是最低的;在100岁及以上的人中为63.5%,是最高的);慢性心脏缺血(18,6%);恶性肿瘤(10,7%;在60-69岁的人中为16.7%,是最高的;在100岁及以上的人中为1.46%,是最低的);急性脑血管意外病变(6,2%)。与60-74岁的人相比,在老年中以一些死亡原因是比较少见的:急性冠心病、急性脑出血、动脉高血压、糖尿病、COVID-19等。只医疗证明的30%包括填好的第二部分,填写的可能性受年龄、死亡地点、出具证明的地点(在法医鉴定中心出具的比在其他医疗机构出具的更少)和根本死因的影响。随着年龄的增长,法医鉴定中心法医局签发的医学死亡证明的比例提高。填写这种文件时经常使用没有临床诊断对应的编码。

结论。一些原因(原因组)的比例随着年龄会变更。为了更好地了解主要死因,必须在疾病和有关健康问题国际统计分类(第10版)代码部分的标准确定和应用理由的方面达成多学科共识。

作者简介

Ekaterina P. Kakorina

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Leadership and Health Care Management

Email: kakorina@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6033-5564

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Irina V. Samorodskaya

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Email: samor2000@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9320-1503
SPIN 代码: 6470-5709

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Tatiana K. Cherniavskaia

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: corona1974@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0227-8076

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Percentage of deaths in a hospital, at home or elsewhere in different age groups, %.

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3. Fig. 2. Shares of death certificate issued by the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination or other medical organizations in different age groups, %.

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