Visual communicative behavior and gaze in the etiquette of the Kalmyks

The authors consider in detail the visual communicative behavior and the role of gaze in the etiquette of Kalmyks. The paper analyzes the features of non-verbal communication, in particular, the use of gaze in various social contexts, taking into account cultural, religious and historical factors. Non-verbal means of communication not only complement the meaning of the speech message, but also fully characterize the personality of the speaker. These speech messages are universal, but at the same time ethnospecific, which is determined by geographical location, religion, national character and social norms of behavior. Using the example of the works of Kalmyk writers, the types of gaze in Kalmyk communicative behavior are considered. The authors identify the specific features of Kalmyk etiquette related to visual communication and consider their significance within the framework of traditional culture and modern society. The research methods were systematic long-term observations of the behavior of Kalmyks in various social contexts - these are family holidays, everyday lunches and dinners, religious ceremonies and everyday communication. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of visual communicative behavior and the meaning of gaze in the traditions of Kalmyk etiquette. For the first time, the unique aspects of non-verbal communication, including eye contact, gestures, facial expressions and their symbolic meaning in Kalmyk culture, are considered. The study reveals their role in maintaining social hierarchies, expressing respect and observing traditions. This work expands the understanding of intercultural non-verbal communication and contributes to ethnolinguistics and anthropology by providing unique data on Kalmyk etiquette, previously insufficiently studied in the scientific literature. The use of gaze in Kalmyk non-verbal communication has ritual significance in certain situations, such as family holidays, religious ceremonies and official meetings, where eye contact is regulated by strict rules. The authors also came to the conclusion that Kalmyk visual etiquette is a means of preserving cultural identity and allows us to conclude that Kalmyk etiquette is a dynamic system that is able to adapt to modern conditions while maintaining its traditional features.

communicative behavior, non-verbal means of communication, national character, eye gesture, features of the view, a mimic gesture, etiquette, visual signs, A close look, expression