Models of simple sentences with motion semantics in the Koryak language

The object of description is elementary simple sentences in the Koryak language with the semantics of movement, while the subject is the structural and semantic characteristics of such sentences. The goal is to classify simple sentences representing movement situations and to characterize the typical features of these sentences. The sentences under consideration form a subsystem of syntactic units representing the proposition of movement. They describe dynamic spatial situations of the type "the subject moves from one point in space to another along a route." The study relies on the theory of modeling elementary simple sentences from the Novosibirsk syntactic school. At the syntactic level of the language, the primary and only unit is the elementary simple sentence (ESS). The proposition as a content plan and the structural scheme as an expression plan constitute the model of the ESS - a way of representing the ESS as a linguistic sign. The modeling method of the structure and semantics of the sentence as a two-sided linguistic sign allows the researcher to abstract from the modifications of the statement in speech and identify features that ensure structural and semantic completeness. This method aims to establish differential features, based on which individual models differ from one another while simultaneously forming a unified system. For the first time, models of the elementary simple sentence with the semantics of dynamic movement in the Koryak language have been identified and systematized. They form an extensive system in which three types of syntactic constructions are contrasted: adlative models, which characterize the movement of the subject towards a specific point in space; delative models, which characterize the movement of the subject from a specific point in space; and translative models, which indicate the place along which the movement occurs. Each model is represented by a series of structural-semantic variants. In the position of the localizer, adverbs can occupy a slot, forming the adverbial variant of the model, in which space is presented in the most general form or correlated with a previously named place. Nouns denote specific spatial landmarks: the case markers of the lative, ablative, or translative indicate the orientation of movement towards the endpoint, from the starting point, or along the route, respectively. Spatial suffixes specify parts of the object that serve as landmarks. Potentially, each of the spatial cases can combine with any spatial suffix, forming symmetrical subsystems of structural-semantic variants.

Koryak language, ergative language, elementary simple sentence, spatial relations, motion models, lative, ablative, translative, spatial suffix, localizer