Secondary nomination with somatic components as a part of military vocabulary (a case study on Russian, English and French)

The secondary nomination is based on the desire to save linguistic signs. The secondary nomination is always metaphorical and serves to systematize new knowledge. The author examines the mechanism of systematization of knowledge in the military professional sphere using examples of the implementation of stable expressions, special vocabulary and terminology with a somatic component in the military lexicon of English, French and Russian languages. It is the somaticisms or lexical units denoting parts of the human body that are the subjects of this study. As an object, various methods of secondary nomination are chosen: metaphorical transfer based on external similarity (the form or method of placing a part in space relative to the whole), as well as on the commonality of the functions of denotations. The author analyzes the use of somatism in its direct meaning on their implementations in military commands. When describing and comparing stable combinations with somatic components in the three languages under consideration, the author turns to component analysis, which allows identifying common semantic features in their meaning. The hypothesis of the study is that the high frequency of use of somatism by military personnel is explained on the one hand by the desire to simplify terminologically overloaded communication, on the other hand by the natural need to "normalize" the surrounding reality and reduce stress levels. The scientific novelty of the research work is presented in the opportunity to identify special images, symbols and stereotypes associated with the specifics of military culture and conditioned by values, the nature of relationships in the military environment and the specifics of worldview in the armed forces. The author comes to the conclusion that, regardless of the language, terminologically overloaded speech, with its specifics and peculiarities, can be perceived by native speakers of the same language as a foreign one. Meanwhile, the interlanguage links of the Russian, French and English languages can be traced when considering individual nominative components in the composition of which somatisms appear. He explains the latter by the anthropological type of human perception, a way of rethinking and systematizing the reality around him.

somaticisms, military terminology, special vocabulary, metaphor, secondary nomination, systematization of knowledge, denotation, lexical unit, military command, linguistic culture