F.I. Tyutchev's Lyrics in the Philosophical Criticism of V. Solovyov

Materialistic idealism, objective idealism, practical idealism, positive aesthetics – such heterogeneous definitions are given by researchers to the critical method of Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov. Based on the article "Poetry of F.I. Tyutchev" (1895), first published in the journal "Bulletin of Europe", conclusions are drawn about the essence and set of criteria of Solovyov in the interpretation and evaluation of lyrics. Solovyov's article was ambiguously accepted by contemporaries, as well as by researchers of the philosopher's work. On the one hand, critics pointed to the philosophical approach in the article, and on the other, rejected the author's excessive desire to endow lyrical lines with existential content. It is noted that the fundamental idea of the text under consideration is to demonstrate what the inner meaning and purpose of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev's poetic heritage are. Attention is drawn to the universalism of the criteria put forward by Solovyov for evaluating poetic creativity: animation, truth, artistry, poetry, patriotism. It is emphasized that the specificity of Solovyov's philosophical criticism is also at the level of poetics. The structure of the literary-critical judgment of the philosophical trend invariably includes generalizing judgments of an aphoristic nature, the image of an omniscient author, as well as the presence of two time layers. It is concluded that the small volume of the article turned out to be conceptual in two directions at the same time. The philosopher's interpretation of the lyrics became a turning point in the fate of Tyutchev's creative legacy. And the method of analysis presented in this literary-critical discussion contributed to the formation of the philosophical direction of literary criticism. Poetry and the poet have a sacred meaning for Solovyov, and therefore the addressee of critical articles is called upon to learn metaphysical views through a figurative system. In terms of genre, Solovyov's work represents a form that later became traditional for the philosophical trend – a literary and critical study of personality with an emphasis on the specifics of the artistic world as an integral phenomenon. Without exempting art as a whole from the categories of ethics, Solovyov also uses the ideological concepts of "faith", "truth", "predestination", "life", "death", "soul" to define Tyutchev's private poetry.

Literary criticism, critical method, poetics, philosophical criticism, poetry, aesthetics, evaluation criteria, lyrical hero, motive complexes, poetology