Том 9, № 4 (2023)

In addition to the data of predecessors, the chemical composition of zoned or zoned-sectorial beryl crystals from pegmatites of the Mariinsky and Kvartalny deposits of the Urals emerald mines in the Central Urals, granitic pegmatite of mine no. 242 of the Ilmeny State Reserve and Svetlinsky pegmatite quarry in the South Urals is characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis. The light peripheral zones of prism and pinacoid in crystal sections differ in variations in Al, Fe and Mg contents from the inner zones or areas. The presence of fractures and regenerated fragments of early beryl indicates synmineralization tectonics. In beryl from the Mariinsky deposit, the previously unknown syntactic ingrowths of bavenite and zones of parallel columnar aggregates of co-crystallization of beryl and bavenite, as well as late pyrite, fluorite, gismondine-Ca and tobermorite, are identified. Beryls from mine no. 242 of the Ilmeny State Reserve are yellowish-greenish and bluish with a peripheral white zone and syntactic microingrowths of annite and syngenetic inclusions of columbite and Ta-Nb rutile. Muddy bluish-white beryl regenerated by colorless beryl from the Svetlinsky quarry hosts numerous syntactic inclusions of muscovite, gahnite, calcite, quartz and quartz-muscovite microaggregates with pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, siderite, calcite, and micropores. The syntaxy of mica, quartz and gahnite with beryl is revealed for the first time.

The article contains the results of statistical processing of geochemical data for rocks of the Porokhovskoe tungsten deposit (South Urals) obtained during systematic geological exploration. Statistical samplings were formed for various types of host rocks: andesites and their tuffs, shales, metasomatites (including sericite-quartz, epidote and chlorite-bearing) and skarns. It is established that all rocks of the Porokhovskoe deposit are characterized by increased contents of W and Mo and, to a lesser extent, Be, Cu, Li, and Zn and by stable groups of correlated elements, both associated with greisenization process and those inherited from the protolith. No zoning is revealed in the distribution of elements in relation to the Yugo-Konevsky leucogranitic pluton, which is considered the ore-generating for the deposit. No correlation between W and Mo was identified in all types of host rocks. A number of statistical methods is proposed for the identification of promising areas with unclear W-Mo mineralization in rocks.

As part of the synthesis of new matrix materials for vitrification of highly active radioactive wastes, the crystalline phases formed during rapid cooling from melts of the Na₂O–Rb₂O–SrO(Ba)–B₂O₃–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ system with a high Rb and Zr content (up to 10 mol. %) are found and studied. The presence of numerous Zr and Rb-bearing crystals in samples is established by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy; their morphology, chemical composition and spectral characteristics are studied. It is concluded that these crystalline phases form due to the excessive content of individual components of the melt and their formation is responsible for the undesirable final local heterogeneity and crystallization of matrix materials.

Bone tissue is a physiogenic organomineral aggregate consisting of organic (collagen, fats, sugars) and mineral (hydroxlyapatite) components. Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone diseases leading to disruption of bone tissue mineralization processes. To study the dynamics of changes in hydroxylapatite during osteoporosis, an experiment was conducted on laboratory animals with the simulation of systemic osteoporosis using ovariectomy (the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries). The chemical composition of the mineral component of bone tissue was studied using electron microprobe analysis with further statistical processing of the results. The osteoporosis of bone tissue results in an increase in the content of isomorphic Mg, Al, and K in hydroxylapatite. A significant role of Al in the development of the disease was established using multivariate statistics methods. The X-ray diffraction revealed the increase in the unit cell parameters of hydroxylapatite with the osteoporosis progression. The results of IR spectroscopy showed the presence of a carbonate group in hydroxylapatite, the content of which decreases with disease.