A Logic-and-Meaning Approach to Culture as a New Interpretation of Universalism

Abstract

In the 4 th volume of his Futuhat Ibn Arabi addresses murids on the issue of fitna (temptation) and its overcoming. His message boils down to the statement that to overcome any temptation we need not to turn away from it but to open our heart to it in order to see the zahir-batin (outward-inward) coordination of the wordly and the Divine in any object of temptation and, consequently, to discover God as the other side of any such object.