Организация добровольческих частей Османской империи из представителей народов Северного Кавказа в годы русско-османской войны 1877-1878 гг. на Кавказско-Малоазиатском фронте
- Авторы: Панькин В.А.1
-
Учреждения:
- Институт российской истории Российской академии наук
- Выпуск: Том 12, № 2 (2020)
- Страницы: 186-202
- Раздел: Из истории Востока
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-8127/article/view/317247
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-186-202
- ID: 317247
Цитировать
Полный текст
Аннотация
В настоящей статье на основе широкого круга источников, прежде всего иностранного происхождения (турецкого, английского, французского и австрийского), рассматривается вопрос о попытке иммигрантов с Северного Кавказа интегрироваться в османское общество путем сформирования добровольческих воинских частей накануне и в годы русско-османской войны 1877-1878 гг. Автором было проведено исследование ранее практически не изученных в отечественной и мировой историографии вопросов, связанных с законодательным сопровождением добровольческого движения в период подготовки вооруженных сил к ожидавшемуся военному конфликту с Российской империей, численностью сформированных воинских частей из представителей народов Северного Кавказа, их этнической принадлежностью, а также командного состава, и ряд других вопросов, включая обмундирование иррегулярных частей Османской империи, вооружение и источники комплектования личного состава. На основе анализа имеющихся у нас источников автором делается вывод о неизбежности обращения руководства Османской империи к помощи северокавказских мухаджир, к сформированию из них иррегулярных кавалерийских частей. Также автором делается вывод, что для ведения боевых действий на Кавказско-Малоазиатском фронте направлялись части, сформированные из народов Центрального и Восточного Кавказа: дагестанцы, кабардинцы, осетины, чеченцы и кумыки, - которые после переселения из Российской империи были расселены правительством Османской империи на территории Сивасского и Эрзурумского вилайетов, а также Самсунского (Джаныкского) санджака.
Об авторах
Владимир Александрович Панькин
Институт российской истории Российской академии наук
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: v-pankin@mail.ru
аспирант
117292, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 19Список литературы
- Salaheddin-bey. La Turquie à l’Exposition universelle de 1867. Paris, 1867.
- Berzhe A.P. Vyselenie gortsev s Kavkaza [Eviction of Highlanders from the Caucasus], Russkaya starina [Russian Antiquity]. Vol. XXXVI. 1882, iss. 10,
- Khorava B. Mukhadzhirstvo abkhazov 1867 goda [Muhajirism of the Abkhazians of 1867], Tbilisi, 2013.
- Chochiev G.V. Osmanskie instruktsii po poseleniyu severokavkazskikh immigrantov (1830-e – 1870-e gg.) [Ottoman instructions for the settlement of North Caucasian immigrants (1830s - 1870s)], Izvestiya SOIGSI [Proceedings of the North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies], 2018, iss. 28 (67).
- Ubicini A., de Courteille, P. Etat present de l’Empire Ottoman: statistique, gouvernement, administration, finances, armee, communautes non musulmanes, etc,, etc. Paris, 1876.
- Gazenkampf M.A. Vooruzhennye sily Turtsii [Turkish Armed Forces], Voennyi sbornik [Military collection], 1876, iss. 12.
- Chaikovskii A. Zametki o turetskoi kavalerii i o Slavyanskom legione, byvshem pod komandoyu Sadyka-pashi [Notes on the Turkish cavalry and the Slavic Legion, formerly under the command of Sadyk Pasha], Voennyi sbornik [Military collection], 1875, iss. 7.
- Sâlnâme-i Vilâyet-i Erzurum 1290 Hicrî Senesi.
- Zboiński H. Armée ottomane: son organisation actuelle telle qu’elle résulte de l’exécution de la loi de 1869 et des mesures d’urgence récemment prises. Paris, 1877.
- Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa. Anilar 2: Sergüzeşt-i hayatım’ın cild-i sanisi / sadeleştirerek yayına hazırlayan: Nuri Akbayar; eski yazıdan aktaranlar: Yücel Demirel. Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 1996. 327 s.
- Sâlnâme-i Vilâyet-i Erzurum 1293 Hicrî Senesi.
- Burnaby F. On horseback through Minor Asia. Vol. 2. London, 1877.
- Rzhevusskii L.A. Vospominaniya sotennogo komandira [Memories centesimal commander], Sbornik voennykh rasskazov, sostavlennykh ofitserami-uchastnikami voiny 1877–1878 gg. [Collection of military stories compiled by officers participating in the war of 1877–1878]. Vol. V, 1879.
- Zhurnal voennykh deistvii Deistvuyushchego korpusa na Kavkazsko-Turetskoi granitse (s 12-go aprelya po 20-e aprelya 1877 goda) [Journal of Military Actions in the body of the Caucasian-Turkish border (from April 12th to 20th April 1877)], Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 7. Part 1, Tiflis, 1910.
- Izzet-Fuad-Pacha. Autres occasions perdues.. critique stratégique de la campagne d’Asie Mineure 1877–1878. Paris, 1908.
- Nouvelles du jour // La Turquie. № 293. 16 Decembre 1876.
- L’Armée auxiliaire // La Turquie. № 31. 8 Fevrier 1877.
- Die türkische Armee in Donau-Bulgarien // Die Vedette. № 20. 9 Marz 1877.
- Nouvelles diverses // La Turquie. № 65. 20 Mars 1877.
- Constitution de l’Armée auxiliaire, Législation ottomane, ou Recueil des lois, règlements,ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officielsde l’Empire Ottoman, partie 5, Thraki, 1878.
- O vstuplenii Rossiiskikh voisk v predely Turtsii [On the accession of the Russian troops in the borders of Turkey], Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie vtoroe [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Second meeting]. Vol. 52. Part 1, 1879.
- Sbornik turetskikh dokumentov o poslednei voine (perevod s turetskogo, trekh poslednikh glav sbornika «Zubdetul’-Khakaik», sostavlennogo Akhmed-Midkhatom-efendi) [Collection of Turkish documents on the last war (translation from Turkish, the last three chapters of the collection “Zubdetul-Hakaik”, compiled by Ahmed-Midhat-effendi)], Saint Petersburg, 1879.
- Statisticheskie svedeniya o narodonaselenii muzhskogo pola v Trapezundskom vilyaete [Statistical information about the population of males in Trebizond vilayet], Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Caucasus Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society]. Vol. 1, Tiflis, 1872–1873.
- Toros Akhpar, putevoditel’ po Armenii (putevye ocherki arkhimandrita Garegina Srvandztyantsa) [Toros Akhpar, Armenia Travel Guide (Travel Essays by Archimandrite Garegin Srvanzhtyants)], Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Caucasus Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society]. Vol. 8, Tiflis, 1884.
- Chochiev G.V. Poselenie i adaptatsiya severokavkazskikh immigrantov na plato Uzun’yaila v osmanskii period [Settlement and adaptation of North Caucasian immigrants on the Uzunyaila Plateau in the Ottoman period], Izvestiya SOIGSI [Proceedings of the North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies], 2018, iss. 30 (69).
- Palgrave W.G. Report on the provinces of Trebizond, Sivas, Kastemouni, and part of Angora, Commercial reports received at the Foreign Office from Her Majesty’s consuls, during the year 1868: August to December, London: printed by Harrison and sons, 1869.
- La Turquie. № 97. 1 Mai 1877.
- La Turquie. № 114. 21 Mai 1877.
- Beşikçi M. Başıbozuk Savaşçıdan ‘Makbul’ Tebaaya: 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’nda Osmanlı Ordusunda Çerkez Muhacirler, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015, güz (23), ss. 85–123.
- The Turkish recruits (from an occasional correspondent) // The Scotsman. 21 June 1877.
- Vizetelly E. The reminiscences of a bashi-bazouk. Bristol, 1897. 482 p.
- Williams C. The Armenian Company: A diary of the campaign of 1877, in Armenia and Koordistan. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co, 1878.
- With the Turks in Asia (from our special correspondent) // The London Daily News. 25 June 1877.
- Mehmed Ârif Bey. Başımıza gelenler / neşre hazırlayan M. Ertuğrul Düzdağ. Istanbul: Tercüman 1001 Temel Eser, 2007.
- Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 1, Saint Petersburg, 1904.
- Les Russes en Asie (correspondence particuliere de la TURQUIE) // La Turquie. № 116. 23 Mai 1877.
- Kars (Von unserem Special-Correspondenten) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4661 (Abendblatt). 17 August 1877.
- Prilozhenie 2. V shtab Deistvuyushchego korpusa na Kavkazsko-Turetskoi granitse [Appendix 2. To the headquarters of the Operating Corps on the Caucasian-Turkish border], Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 7. Part 1, Tiflis, 1910.
- Shluga, R. Die Schlachten von Halijaz und Zewin in Armenien 1877, Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, 1879.
- The war in Asia (from our special correspondent with the Turkish army in Asia) // The London Evening Standart. 25 August 1877.
- Vom türkischen Centrum in Asien (Von unserem Special-Correspondenten) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4613 (Abendblatt). 30 Juni 1877.
- Lettres d’Asie (correspondence particuliere du National) // Le National. 14 Juillet. P. 3.
- The campaign in Asia // The London Daily News. 18 June 1877.
- The campaign in Asia (from our special correspondent) // The London Daily News. 20 June 1877.
- To the Caucasus (from our special military commissioner) // The Daily Telegraph & Courier. 29 June 1877.
- En route for the Caucasus (from our special correspondent) // The New York Times. № 8044. 25 June 1877.
- Nouvelles du jour // La Turquie. № 122. 30 May 1877.
- Nouvelles de la guerre // La Turquie. № 133. 13 Juin 1877.
- Badem Dzh., Takhnaeva P. Mukhammad-Fazil’ Pasha Dagestanly (1853–1916). Biograficheskie svedeniya po materialam Osmanskogo arkhiva [Muhammad-Fazil Pasha of Dagestanli (1853–1916). Biographical information on the materials of the Ottoman archive], Mavraev, 2014, iss. 1 (2).
- Turkish Army in Asia (from our own correspondent) // The Brittish Medical Journal. № 877 20 October 1877.
- Waiting with the Turks in Asia (from our special correspondent) // The London Daily News. 12 October 1877.
- Vom Kriegsschauplatz in Asien (von unserem Special-Correspondenten) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4720 (Abendblatt). 16 October 1877.
- Vom Kriegsschauplatz in Asien (von unserem Special-Correspondenten) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4685 (Abendblatt). 11 September 1877.
- Casson J.H. A case of severe gunshot injury of the elbow-joint in which the articulation was preserved // Medical Press and Circular. 13 March 1878.
- With the Turks in Asia (from our special correspondent) // The London Daily News. 7 July 1877.
- Stepanov P.F. Zametka o Karsskoi oblasti [A note on the Kars region], Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Caucasus Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society]. Vol. 7, Tiflis, 1882–1883.
- The campaign in Asia (from our special correspondent) // The Daily Telegraph & Courier. 29 June 1877.
- Nouvelles du jour // La Turquie. № 170. 26 Juillet 1877.
- Du theatre de la guerre (service special du Siecle) // Le Siècle. № 1627. 5 juillet 1877.
- With the Turkish irregulars in Asia Minor (by a Scotch volunteer) // The Glasgow Herald. 25 August 1877.
- Chochiev G.V. Otrazhenie problem sotsial’noi adaptatsii severokavkazskikh immigrantov v Osmanskoi imperii v ikh obrashcheniyakh k vlastyam (vtoraya polovina XIX v.) [Reflection of the problems of social adaptation of North Caucasian immigrants in the Ottoman Empire in their appeals to the authorities (second half of the XIX century)], Vestnik Severo-Osetinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. K.L. Khetagurova. Obshchestvennye nauki [Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University. K.L. Khetagurova. Social Sciences], 2010, iss. 2.
- Aus Hoch-Armenien (Von unserem Special-Correspondenten) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4660 (Abendblatt). 16 August 1877.
- Nouvelles du jour // La Turquie. № 162. 17 Juillet 1877.
- Actes officiels. Nominations – Promotions // La Turquie. № 220. 1 Septembre 1877.
- Fighting in Asia Minor (from our special correspondent) // The Irish Times. 28 September 1877.
- Norman C.B. Armenia and the campaign of 1877. London, Paris & New York: Cassell Petter & Galpin, 1878.
- Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 2, Saint Petersburg, 1904.
- Svedeniya, dostavlennye iz turetskogo lagerya 10 sentyabrya 1877 g. [Information Delivered from the Turkish Camp on September 10, 1877], Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 2, Saint Petersburg, 1904.
- Karataş, Ö. Sivas-Uzunyayla’da Afşar-Çerkes Çatışması (1860–1870), 1864 Kafkas Tehciri: Kafkasya’da Rus Kolonizasyonu, Savaş ve Sürgün, ed. Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu, Istanbul, 2014.
- Kanukov I.D. Ot Aleksandropolya do Erzeruma (putevye nabroski) [From Alexandropol to Erzurum (travel sketches)], V osetinskom aule: rasskazy, ocherki, publitsistika [In the Ossetian village: stories, essays, journalism], Ordzhonikidze: Ir, 1985.
- Depeche adressee au Seraskerat, par Ahmed Moukhtar pacha, en date du 15/27 aout // La Turquie. № 198. 30 Aout 1877.
- Vom Kriegsschauplatz in Asien (von unserem correspondent) // Neue Freie Presse. № 4714 (Abendblatt). 10 October 1877.
- Raport nachal’nika kavalerii deistvuyushchego korpusa general-maiora kn. Chavchavadze komanduyushchemu deistvuyushchim korpusom general-ad"yutantu Loris-Melikovu [Report of the head of the cavalry of the current corps of Major General Prince Chavchavadze to the commander of the current corps General Adjutant Loris-Melikov], Voennyi sbornik [Military collection], 1877, iss. 11.
- Saydam A. Kırım ve Kafkas göçleri (1856–1876). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1997.
- Chochiev G.V. Osetiny na Blizhnem Vostoke: poselenie, adaptatsiya, etnosotsial’naya evolyutsiya (kratkii ocherk) [Ossetians in the Middle East settlement, adaptation, evolution ethnosocial (short essay)], Izvestiya SOIGSI [Proceedings of the North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies], 2010, iss. 4 (43).
- Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv (dalee – RGVIA) [Russian State Military Historical Archive (hereinafter – RGVIA)]. Fund 330. Inventory 21. Case 385.
- RGVIA. Fund 330. Inventory 21. Case 401.
- RGVIA. Fund 330. Inventory 21. Case 422.
- RGVIA. Fund 330. Inventory 21. Case 443.
- Reuter’s Telegrams // The London Evening Standart. 14 May 1877. P. 5.
- Russo-Turkish war (from our special correspondents) // The Daily Telegraph & Courier. 14 May 1877.
- Materialy dlya opisaniya russko-turetskoi voiny 1877–1878 gg. na Kavkazsko-Maloaziatskom teatre [Materials for the description of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 at the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theater]. Vol. 7. Part 1, Tiflis, 1910.
- Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archive]. Fund 866. Inventory 1. Case 69.
- RGVIA. Fund 485. Inventory 1. Case 11.
- Lettres du theatre de la guerre (corresp. part. de la République française) // La République française. № 2059. 10 Juillet 1877.
- Osmanlı Devleti ile Kafkasya, Türkistan ve Kırım Hanlıkları Arasındaki Münâsebetlere Dâir Arşiv Belgeleri (1687–1908 yılları arası). Ankara, 1992. 240 s.
- Dwight H.O. Turkish life in war time. New York, 1881.
- Mukhtar Pasha’s movements (from a regular correspondent of the Tribune) // New York Tribune. № 11311. 29 June 1877.
- Malama Ya.D. Opisanie Erzerumskogo vilyaeta [Description of Erzurum Vilayet], Saint Petersburg, 1874.
- Cole, R.M. Interior Turkey reminiscences: forty years in Kourdistan (Armenia) [electronic resource]. URL: https://acdc.amherst.edu/view/asc:20523.
- The situation in Armenia (from our special correspondent) // The London Daily News. 12 February 1878.
Дополнительные файлы
