Victory ‘dustlessly’ - victory by a clear advantage
- 作者: Gvozdeva T.B.1
-
隶属关系:
- RUDN University
- 期: 卷 17, 编号 3 (2025): Antiquity in the Mediterranean Region and pre-Columbian America
- 页面: 356-380
- 栏目: SPORTS IN ANTIQUITY
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-8127/article/view/332267
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2025-17-3-356-380
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SNNDUU
- ID: 332267
如何引用文章
全文:
详细
The purpose of the study is to find out the reasons why athletes at the Panhellenic and local games were awarded victory ‘dustlessly’ (ἀκονιτί), an undisputed, unqualified victory. Such victories were a great rarity in the Archaic and Classical periods, very highly valued and always specially noted in the list of athletes’ victories and their inscriptions of honour. Based on written sources and epigraphic data, it is shown that the reasons for the victories of “without dust” could be the formidable reputation of the athlete, pressure during training or the draw of heavyweight athletes of their rivals. There have been cases of winning “without dust” as a result of violating the rules of the games, for example, being late for the start of competitions. Athletes often complained about the unfortunate event that robbed them of victory - that is, the result of the draw, which paired them with a heavyweight wrestler and led to a loss. The shame and humiliation that awaited athletes in this case also forced them to refuse to participate in competitions with a strong opponent, because such a refusal was considered less humiliating than defeat. Statistical analysis of data on the victories of athletes ‘dustlessly’ allows the author to assume that such victories were most often awarded in martial arts at both Panhellenic and local games.
关键词
作者简介
Tatiana Gvozdeva
RUDN University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: tbgvozdeva@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0400-4589
SPIN 代码: 1913-8520
Phd in History, associate Professor of the department of World History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation参考
- Panteleev AD, Ponikarovskaya MV. Greek athletics in Asia Minor and Egypt in Roman times (II–III centuries). In: Vizantiya, Evropa, Rossiya: sotsial’nye praktiki i vzaimosvyaz’ dukhovnykh traditsii: sb. statei. Saint Petersburg, 2023, p. 293–301. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31119/berst.2023.3.23 EDN: CFUIBQ
- Gvozdeva TB, Durnovo MV, Nikishin VO. Awards at the panhellenic games (translation, introductory article and comments). In: Olimpiiskie igry v politike i kul’ture. Moscow, 2013, p. 296–311. (In Russ.).
- Gvozdeva TB. Awards at the panathenaic games (introductory article, translation and commentary). RUDN Journal of World History. 2013;(3):85–95. (In Russ.). EDN: RANFTF
- Bulycheva EV. Awards of the winners of the games in Ancient Attica and the Northern Black Sea coast. In: Olimpiiskie igry v politike i kul’ture. Moscow, 2013, p. 280–295. (In Russ.). EDN: SDGSOZ
- Gvozdeva TB. Athletes of Ancient Greece — the taste of victory. Vestnik Literaturnogo instituta imeni A.M. Gor’kogo. 2024;(2–3):36–65. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2408-9451-2024-2-3-36-65 EDN: PHUHBB
- Scanlon TF. Eros and Greek Athletics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Poliakoff MB. Combat Sports in the Ancient World. Competition, Violence and Culture. New Haven, 1987.
- Reisch E. Ακονιτί. In: Paulys Real-Encyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Stuttgart, 1894;(1):1178.
- Jüthner J. Akoniton — akoniti. Glotta. 1942;(29):73–77.
- Robert L. Deux inscriptions agonistiques de Rhodes. Archaiologikè Ephéméris. 1966;108–118.
- Sweet WE. Sport and Recreation in Ancient Greece. A Soucebook with Translations. Oxford, 1987.
- Crowther NB. Victories without competition in the Greek games. Nikephoros. Zeitschrift für Sport und Kultur im Altertum. 2001;(14):29–44.
- Roubineau J-M. Quand l’important était de gagner: Indignité de la défaite et stratégies athlétiques en Grèce ancienne. Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire. Antiquité — Ouheid. 2016;94(1):5–26.
- Gvozdeva TB. Greek pentathletes: the path to victory. RUDN Journal of World History. 2024;16(3):369–383. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2024-16-3-369-383 EDN: IWJBZN
- Moretti L. Iscrizioni agonistiche greche. Roma, 1953.
- Janzina JV, Korneev OV. About some aspects of preparation of ancient athletes-athletes for competitions: practice and terminology of the training process. Indoevropeiskoe yazykoznanie i klassicheskaya filologiya. 2016;(20):1143–1161. (In Russ.). EDN: WJDNPR
- Golden M. Sport in the ancient world from A to Z. London, N.Y., 2004.
- Rushkin IP. Philostratus. On Gymnastics. (Translation from Ancient Greek and commentary)]. Aristei. Vestnik klassicheskoi filologii i antichnoi istorii. 2022;(26):63–105. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.53084/22209050_2022_26_63 EDN: RUUSXC
- Miller SG. Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven; London, 2004.
- Gvozdeva TB. Chronology of the Olympic Games (from antiquity to the present day). In: Nikishin VO, editor. Olimpiiskie igry v politike, povsednevnoj zhizni i kul’ture (ot antichnosti do sovremennosti). Saint Petersburg: Aleteiya, 2021, р. 292–424. (In Russ.). EDN: TVHRCN
- Ebert J. Griechische Epigramme auf Sieger an gymnischen und hippischen Agonen. Berlin 1972. 280 p.
- Gvozdeva TB. Greek Pentathlon: composition, participants, results. In: Mahlajuk AV, editor. Professor Evgenii Aleksandrovich Molev i sovremennye problemy antikovedeniya: materialy nauch. konf. «Istoriko-arkheologicheskii simpozium pamyati professora Evgeniya Aleksandrovicha MolevA», Institut mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii i mirovoi istorii NNGU im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, Nizhnii Novgorod: Nizhegorodskii gosuniversitet; 2023, р. 112–132. (In Russ.). EDN: PSBBYD
- Gvozdeva TB, Loginov AV. Judgment and judgement of Achilles at the funeral games in Homer‘s ‘Iliad’. In: Drevnij vostok i antichnyi mir. Trudy kafedry istorii drevnego mira istoricheskogo fakul‘teta MGU. 2018;(8):122–146. (In Russ.).
- Gvozdeva TB. Offences at funeral games in Homer‘s ‘Iliad’. Sovremennyi yurist. 2017;(2):108–120. (In Russ.). EDN: YURQTN
- Kelly A. Akhilleus in control? Managing oneself and others in the Funeral Games. In: Bassino P, Canevaro LG, Graziosi B, editors. Conflict and Consensus in early Greek hexameter poetry. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; 2016, p. 87–108.
- Richardson N. The commentary. In: Kirk GS, editor. The Iliad. VI. Cambridge; 1985, p. 21–24.
- Timothy P. Perry Sport in the Early Iron Age and Homeric Epic. In: Christesen P, Kyle DG, editors. A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Wiley-Blackwell; 2014, p. 53–67.
- Harris HA. Sport in Greece and Rome. London and Ithaca, NY; 1972.
- Swaddling J. The Ancient Olympic Games. London, 2008.
- Janzina JV. Antique wrestling. Experience in interpreting Greek and Latin sports terms. Vestnik drevnei istorii. 2014;(1):102–131. (In Russ.). EDN: RZHILV
- Kyle DG. Greek athletic competitions: The Ancient Olympics and More. In: Christesen P, Kyle DG, editors. A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Wiley-Blackwell; 2014, p. 21–35.
- Robert L. Inscription agonistique de Smyrne. In: Hellenica: recueil d’épigraphie, de numismatique et d’antiquités grecques. Vol. VII. Paris, 1949.
- Ramba D. Bestimmung der prägenden Wesenszüge im Sport der griechisch-römischen Antike. PhD. Göttingen, 2014.
- Janzina JV. Antique fist fighting. Experience in interpreting Greek and Latin terms. In: Discipuli Magistro: k 80-letiyu N.A. Fedorova. M., 2008, p. 292–232. (In Russ.).
- Crowther NB. The spirit of competition (Agon) in the Olympic Games: From the Ancient to the modern world. In: Crowther N, Barney R, Heine M, editors. Cultural Imperialism in Action: Critiques in the Global Olympic Trust. London; 2006, p. 1–18.
- Crowther NB. Sport in Ancient Times. London, 2007.
- Gvozdeva TB. Erichthonius or Theseus, who established the Panathenaea? RUDN Journal of World History. 2021;13(3):259–268. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-3-259-268 EDN: THPKDV
- Gvozdeva TB. Juniors age categories of athletes at the panathenaic games. RUDN Journal of World History. 2022;14(3):243–256. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/ 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-243-256 EDN: CFTTOE
- Papakonstantinou Z. Sport and Identity in Ancient Greece. Routledge: London, N.Y., 2019.
- Gvozdeva TB. The Olympians of ancient Hellas were the ‘second after Hercules’. RUDN Journal of World History. 2016;(4):59–72. (In Russ.). EDN: XXAVBV
- Pleket HW. Sport und Leibesübungen in der griechischen Welt des hellenistisch-römischen Zeitalters. In: Überhorst H, editor. Geschichte der Leibesübungen. Berlin, München, Frankfurt; 1972–1988;(2):280–311.
- Pleket HW. Inscriptions as Evidence for Greek Sport. In: Christesen P, Kyle DG, editors. A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Wiley-Blackwell; 2014, p. 98–111.
- Strasser JY. La carrière du pancratiaste Markos Aurelios Demostratos Damas. Bulletin de correspondance hellenique. 2003;127(1):251–299.
- Decker W. Antike Spitzensportler: Athletenbiographien aus dem Alten Orient, Ägypten und Griechenland. Hildesheim: Arete Verlag, 2014.
- Scharff S. Hellenistic athletes: agonistic cultures and self-presentation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2024.
- Miller SG. Arete. Ancient Writers, Papyri, and Inscriptions on the History and Ideals of Greek Athletics and Games. Chicago, 1979.
- Janzina JV. Pankration. To the question of interpretation of Greek and Latin sports terms. Voprosy klassicheskoi filologii. 2010;(15):494–513. (In Russ.).
- Selivanova LL. The bull, the Alexandrian camel and other athletes. Adam i Eva. 2013;(21):216–240. (In Russ.). EDN: YOEXCR
- Herrmann HV. Zanes. In: Paulys Real-Encyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Suppl. 14. Stuttgart; 1974, S. 977–981.
- Gaebler H. Die Losurne in der Agonistik. Zeitschrift für Numismatik. 1929;(39):271–312.
- Anderson JGC. Festivals of Mên Askaënos in the Roman Colonia at Antioch of Pisidia. Journal of Roman Studies. 1913;3(2):267–300.
- Gvozdeva TB. Age categories of athletes at the Olympic Games of antiquity. Sovremennyi yurist. 2019;(3):28–37. (In Russ.). EDN: HTXQVD
- Olivova V. Sports and Games in the Ancient World. London, 1984.
- Kyle DG. Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. Malden, MA, 2007.
补充文件
