Цели монгольских захватчиков согласно европейским источникам середины XIII в. Часть 2
- Авторы: Дробышев Ю.И.1
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Учреждения:
- Институт востоковедения РАН
- Выпуск: Том 13, № 4 (2021): История Востока: религия, политика, международные связи
- Страницы: 398-419
- Раздел: Восток-Запад: контакты и противоречия
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-8127/article/view/317205
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-398-419
- ID: 317205
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Аннотация
Середина XIII века - апогей могущества единой Монгольской империи. В 1241-1242 гг. происходит первое, самое кровавое и разрушительное вторжение монголов в Европу. Разумеется, для европейцев жизненно важным было найти ответ на вопрос: чего хотели захватчики, какие цели они преследовали? В данной статье автор показывает, что, ввиду обилия противоречивой информации и острой нехватки на первых порах объективного понимания нового врага, европейские политические и церковные деятели приписывали монголам множество целей (не менее восемнадцати!), из которых полностью подтвердились лишь три - нападение на Русь, Польшу и Венгрию, а остальные либо не были по каким-либо причинам реализованы, либо возникли в умах самих европейцев. Все эти «цели», выявленные в различных официальных и неофициальных европейских источниках, преимущественно датируемых серединой XIII в., обсуждаются с учетом информации синхронных восточных источников. Несмотря на широко известные идеи «мироустроительной монархии», возможно, на самом деле вынашивавшиеся монгольскими ханами, события в Европе позволяют предполагать, что их главной целью там было наказание венгерского короля Белы IV, отказавшегося выдать монголам скрывавшихся в Венгрии половцев.
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Юлий Иванович Дробышев
Институт востоковедения РАН
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: altanus@mail.ru
кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела Истории Востока
107031, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12Список литературы
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