Ecological, epizootic, sanitary and hygienic problems of echinococcosis in domestic goats and dogs in the North Caucasus
- Authors: Bittirov A.M.1,2, Shemyakova S.A.1, Laipanov B.K.3, Gazaeva A.A.3, Bittirov I.A.1, Shopinskaya M.I.4
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Affiliations:
- Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University
- Pre-Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - branch of Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan
- Moscow State Veterinary Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology
- RUDN University
- Issue: Vol 18, No 3 (2023)
- Pages: 437-446
- Section: Veterinary sanitary inspection
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-797X/article/view/315755
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2023-18-3-437-446
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RUGDBM
- ID: 315755
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Abstract
Echinococcal invasion, included by the World Health Organization in the list of especially socially dangerous parasitic zoonoses, is an unresolved epidemic, epizootic and sanitary-hygienic problem for the population and animals in more than 250 countries of the world. The purpose of the research was to study the epizootic and sanitary-hygienic problems of echinococcosis of domestic goats in the North Caucasus region. In 2019–2022, the research was carried out in 3 climatic zones of Kabardino-Balkaria. The objects were liver and lungs of 120 slaughter goats. The intestines were dissected from 15 dog corpses slaughtered in accordance with the International Rules for the Humane Treatment of Animals (2012). Monitoring of echinococcosis in dogs and goats was performed by the method of autopsy of organs and tissues according to K.I. Scriabin (1928). The number of eggs of taeniid type in faeces of dogs and in 520 samples of water from natural reservoirs of the Terek river basin was determined according to the guidelines of Russian Research Institute of Parasitology (1986). In plain climatic zone, index of occurrence of cystic Echinococcus granulosus invasion in liver and lungs of goats was 18 %, in foothill zone — 24 %, in mountain zone — 28 % (on average, 25 %). Extracted from liver and lungs of sheep, transparent cysts of echinococcus contained protoscolexes in 100 % of the samples, which indicates the likelihood of foci involving dogs and wild predators in the region. Natural reservoirs of Kabardino-Balkaria are also large biotopes of teniosis. Contamination of river water samples with taeniid eggs is 11.0…37.0 %. The region belongs to the group of subjects with high rates of zoonosis in animals due to violation of the terms of deworming for priotary dogs, lack of sanitary and preventive work with the population. According to the epizootic situation for animal echinococcosis, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic can be attributed to disadvantaged regions of the Russian Federation, as there is an increase in the number of dogs with echinococcosis and goats infected with fertile cysts. Sanitary and hygienic pollution of the Terek river and its tributaries, Malka, Baksan, Cherek and Chegem, with eggs of cestodes is a threat to the spread of echinococcosis among animals and humans.
About the authors
Anatoly M. Bittirov
Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University; Pre-Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - branch of Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan
Author for correspondence.
Email: bam_58a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2131-5020
doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
1v Lenina ave., Nalchik, Republic of KabardinoBalkaria, 360030, Russian Federation; 30 Abdurazak Shakhbanov st., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367014, Russian FederationSvetlana A. Shemyakova
Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University
Email: pznivi05@mail.ru
doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise
23 Akademika Scriabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationBoris K. Laipanov
Moscow State Veterinary Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology
Email: pznivi05@mail.ru
Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise
23 Akademika Scriabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationAsiyat A. Gazaeva
Moscow State Veterinary Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology
Email: Asia1993@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-5759-7663
Lecturer-researcher, Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise
1v Lenina ave., Nalchik, Republic of KabardinoBalkaria, 360030, Russian FederationIsmail A. Bittirov
Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University
Email: ismail.bittirov.1999@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2709-6383
PhD student in the specialty Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise
1v Lenina ave., Nalchik, Republic of KabardinoBalkaria, 360030, Russian FederationMarina I. Shopinskaya
RUDN University
Email: shopinskaya-mi@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3823-3737
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationReferences
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