Using commercial enzyme immunoassay for measuring pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to diagnose pregnancy in dairy cows under field conditions in Algeria

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The purpose of the present work was to study effectiveness for early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle of the new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) sandwich kit commercially available based on the measurement of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs). 120 Holstein-Friesian cattle of mixed age and parity were comprised from different dairy herds. The pregnant females (n = 68) were diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 35-40 after artificial insemination and confirmed by transrectal exploration at 2-3 months after AI. The non-pregnant females (n = 52) were housed in the absence of males during the experimental period. Blood samples were collected from coccygeal vessels of females into EDTA tubes. The serum was obtained by centrifugation and the serum was stored at - 20 °C until assay. The PAG concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant females were determined in serum by EIA kit. The reproducibility inter- and intra-assay of the PAG-EIA is satisfactory (2.78 and 13.19 %, respectively). The accuracy (≥ 94.8 %) and the test of parallelism were largely acceptable. No cross-reaction was observed with the different hormones tested at different dilutions. PAG-EIA system gave 100 % sensitivity and negative predictive values. Whereas, specificity and positive predictive value were 91.93 and 71.15 %, respectively. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by PAG-EIA was 87.5 %. In conclusion, the present study shows clearly that the EIA kit can be used to measure PAG in serum cows for the detection of gestation in Algeria. Therefore, this alternative technique could be recommended to replace the radioactive methods in immunoassays to improve the reproductive performances and an efficient tool for reproductive management of dairy cattle.

About the authors

Abdelhanine Ayad

University of Bejaia

Author for correspondence.
Email: abdelhanine.ayad@univ-bejaia.dz
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9325-7889

DVM, MSc, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences of the Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences

Bejaia, 06000, Algeria

Hanane Derbak

University of Bejaia

Email: derbak90@hotmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0459-8399

MSc, PhD Student, Department of Biological Sciences of the Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences

Bejaia, 06000, Algeria

Omar Besseboua

Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef

Email: besseboua.omar@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1365-4479

DVM, MSc, PhD, Department of Agronomic and Biotechnological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences

Chlef, 02000, Algeria

References

  1. Romano JE, Thompson JA, Forrest DW, Westhusin ME, Tomaszweski MA, Kraemer DC. Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 2006; 66(4):1034-1041. doi: 10.1016/j. theriogenology.2006.02.044
  2. Rosiles VA, Galina CS, Maquivar M, Molina R, Estrada S. Ultrasonographic screening of embryo development in cattle (Bos indicus) between days 20 and 40 of pregnancy. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2005; 90(1-2):31—37. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.01.006
  3. Szenci O, Beckers JF, Humblot P, Sulon J, Sasser G, Taverne MAM, Varga J, Baltusen R, Schekk GY. Comparison of ultrasonography bovine pregnancy-specific protein B, and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 tests for pregnancy detection in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 1998;50(1):77-88. doi: 10.1016/ S0093-691X(98)00115-0
  4. Butler JE, Hamilton WC, Sasser RG, Ruder CA, Hass GM, Williams RJ. Detection and partial characterization of two bovine pregnancy-specific proteins. Biol. Reprod. 1982;26:925-933. doi: 10.1095/ biolreprod26.5.925
  5. Mialon MM, Camous S, Renand G, Martal J, Menissier F. Peripheral concentrations of a 60-kDa pregnancy serum protein during gestation and after calving and in relationship to embryonic mortality in cattle. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 1993;33(3):269-282. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19930309
  6. Xie S, Low BG, Nagel RJ, Beckers JF, Roberts RM. A novel glycoprotein of the aspartic proteinase gene family expressed in bovine placental trophectoderm. Biol. Reprod. 1994;51(6):1145-1153. doi: 10.1095/ biolreprod51.6.1145
  7. Wooding FB. The synepitheliochorial placenta of ruminants: Binucleate cell fusions and hormone production. Placenta. 1992;13(2):101-113. doi: 10.1016/0143-4004(92)90025-o
  8. Humblot P, Camous S, Martal J, Charlery J, Jeanguyot N, Thibier M, et al. Diagnosis of pregnancy by radioimmunoassay of a pregnancy-specific protein in the plasma of dairy cows. Theriogenology. 1988;30(2):257-
  9. doi: 10.1016/0093-691x(88)90175-6
  10. Sasser RG, Ruder CA, Ivani KA, Bulter JE, Hamilton WC. Detection of pregnancy by radioimmunoassay of a novel pregnancy-specific protein in serum of cows and a profile of serum concentration during gestation. Biol. Reprod. 1986;35(4):936-942. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod35.4.936
  11. Zoli AP, Guilbault LA, Delahaut P, Benitez Ortiz W, Beckers JF. Radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein in serum: its application for pregnancy diagnosis. Biol. Reprod. 1992;46(1) 468392. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod46.1.83
  12. Semambo DNK, Eckersall PD, Sasser RG, Ayliffe TR. Pregnancy-specific protein B and progesterone in monitoring viability of the embryo in early pregnancy in the cow after experimental infection with Actynomyces pyogenes. Theriogenology. 1992;37(3):741-748. doi: 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90153-I
  13. Szenci O, Humblot P, Beckers JF, Sasser G, Sulon J, Baltusen R, et al. Plasma profiles of progesterone and conceptus proteins in cow with spontaneous embryonic/fetal mortality as diagnosed by ultrasonography. Vet. J. 2000;159(3):287-290. doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0399
  14. Xie SC, Low BG. Nagel RJ, Kramer KK, Anthony RV, Zoli AP, et al. Identification of the major pregnancy specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 1991;88(22):10247-10251. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10247
  15. Klisch K, De Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Leiser R, Pich A. Pregnancy associated glycoprotein-1, -6, -7, and -17 are major products of bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells at midpregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2005;71(4):453-460. doi: 10.1002/mrd.20296
  16. Ayad A, Sousa NM, Sulon J, Iguer-Ouada M, Beckers JF. Comparison of five radioimmunoassay systems for PAG measurement: ability to detect early pregnancy in cows. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2007;42(4):433-440. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00804.x
  17. Friedrich M, Holtz W. Establishment of an ELISA for measuring bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein in serum or milk and its application for early pregnancy detection. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2010;45(1):142-146. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01287.x
  18. Green JA, Parks TE, Avalle MP, Telugu BP, Mclain AL, Peterson AJ, et al. The establishment of an ELISA for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in the serum of pregnant cows and heifers. Theriogenology. 2005;63(5):1481-1503. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.07.011
  19. Romano JE, Larson JE. Accuracy of pregnancy specific protein-B test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 2010;74(6):932-939. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.018
  20. Gajewski Z, Petrajtis-Gołobów M, Melo de Sousa N, Beckers JF, Pawliński B, Wehrend A. Comparison of accuracy of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentration in blood and milk for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 2014;156(12):585-590. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000654
  21. Edmonson AJ, Lean IJ, Weaver LD, Farver T, Webster G. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1989;72(1):68-78. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79081-0
  22. Kastelic JP. Critical evaluation of scientific articles and other sources of information: an introduction to evidence-based veterinary medicine. Theriogenology. 2006;66(3):534-542. doi: 10.1016/j. theriogenology.2006.04.017
  23. Silva E, Sterry RA, Kolb D, Mathialagan N, McGrath MF, Ballam JM, Fricke PM. Accuracy of a pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA to determine pregnancy status of lactating dairy cows twenty-seven days after timed artificial insemination. J. Dairy Sci. 2007;90(10):4612-4622. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0276
  24. Gatea AO, Smith MF, Pohler KG, Egen T, Pereira MH, Vasconselos JL, et al. The ability to predict pregnancy loss in cattle with ELISAs that detect pregnancy associated glycoproteins is antibody dependent. Theriogenology. 2018;108:269-276. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky015
  25. Beckers JF, Wouters-Ballman P, Ectors F. Isolation and radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy specific protein. Theriogenology. 1988;29(1):219. doi: 10.1016/0093-691X(88)90047-7
  26. Smith PL, Bousfield GR, Kumar S, Fiete D, Baenziger JU. Equine lutropin and chorionic gonadotropin bear oligosaccharides terminating with SO4-4-GalNAc and Sia alpha 2,3Gal, respectively. J. Biol. Chem. 1993;268(2):795-802. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54004-7
  27. Howard J, Gabor G, Gray T, Passavant C, Ahmadzadeh A, Sasser N, et al. BioPRYN, a blood-based pregnancy test for managing breeding and pregnancy in cattle. Proc Am Soc Anim Sci West Sec. 2007;58:295-298.
  28. Skinner JG, Gray D, Gebbie FE, Beckers JF, Sulon J. Field evaluation of pregnancy diagnosis using bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG). Cattle Pract. 1996;4(3):281-284.
  29. Bragança GM, Monteiro BM, Dos Santos Albuquerque R, De Souza DC, Campello CC, Zimmerman SO, et al. Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows. Livest. Sci. 2018;214:278-281. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.018
  30. Green JC, Volkmann DH, Poock SE, Mcgrath MF, Ehrhardt M, Moseley AE, et al. Technical note: A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blood test for pregnancy in dairy and beef cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2009;92(8):3819-3824. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2120
  31. Meziane R, Boughris F, Benhadid M, Niar A, Mamache B, Meziane T. Comparative evaluation of two methods of pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle in the East of Algeria: proteins associated with pregnancy and ultrasonography. Biol. Rhyth. Res. 2021;52(2):237-245. doi: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1592348
  32. Fosgate GT, Motimele B, Ganswindt A, Irons PC. A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 2017;145:100-109. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.004
  33. Gabor G, Toth F, Sasser G, Szasz F, Barany I, Wolfling A, et al. Ways of decrease the period between calving in dairy cows. 1. Early pregnancy detection by BioPryn ELISA-test. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja. 2004;126(8):459-464.
  34. Fernandez GI, Moncebaez J, Elinzondo C, Hernandez H, Ulloa-Arvizu R, Rojas S. Negative prediction value of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein contributes to reduce the days during which non-pregnant Holstein cows are subjected to diverse strategies of hormonal synchronization. Int. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2013;5(4):160-164.
  35. Khan D, Khan H, Ahmad N, Tunio MT, Tahir M, Khan MS, et al. Early pregnancy diagnosis using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in the serum of pregnant ruminants. Pakistan J. Zool. 2020;52(2):785-788. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190527080541
  36. Sinedino LDP, Lima FS, Bisinotto RS, Cerri RLA, Santos JEP. Effect of early or late resynchronization based on different methods of pregnancy diagnosis on reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2014;97(8):4932-4941. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7887
  37. Piechotta M, Bollwein J, Friedrich M, Heilkenbrinker T, Passavant C, Branen J, et al. Comparison of commercial ELISA blood tests for early pregnancy detection in dairy cows. J. Reprod. Dev. 2011;57(1):72-75. doi: 10.1262/jrd.10-022T
  38. Xie S, Green J, Bao B, Beckers JF, Valdez KE, Hakami L, et al. Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 ovine placental tissue. Biol. Reprod. 1997;57(6):1384-1393. doi: 10.1095/ biolreprod57.6.138438. Ayad A, Touati K. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations in non-pregnant cows: a case study. RUDN J. Agron. Anim. Ind. 2019;13(4):287-293. doi: 10.22363/2312-797X-2018-13-4-287-293
  39. Zoli AP, Beckers JF, Wouters-Ballman P, Closset J, Falmagne P, Ectors F. Purification and characterization of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein. Biol. Reprod. 1991;45(1):1-10. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod45.1.1
  40. Ayad A, Sousa NM, Sulon J, Hornick JL, Iguer-Ouada M, Beckers JF. Correlation of five radioimmunoassay systems for measurement of bovine plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations at early pregnancy period. Res. Vet. Sci. 2009;86(3):377-382. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.003
  41. Thongruay S, Tasripoo K, Suthikrai, W, Sophon S, Srisakwattana K. Use of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) levels to determine early pregnancy in somatic cell clone recipient buffaloes. Thai J. Vet. Med. Suppl. 2017;47:249-250.
  42. Lopez-Gatius F, Garbayo JM, Santolaria P, Yaniz J, Ayad A, Sousa NMet al. Milk production correlates negatively with plasma levels of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) during the early fetal period in high producing dairy cows with live fetuses. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2007;32(1):29-42. doi: 10.1016/j. domaniend.2005.12.007

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».