Features of the modernization of the Orenburg Cossack Army in the late XIX - early XX centuries

This article describes the features of the modernization of the Orenburg Cossack troops at the turn of XIX–XX centuries. During the consideration of this issue highlights the main problems that affect the modernization in the army. These concerned the difficult economic situation, which arose due to the provision of medical problems. Another important issue discussed in the article – is the introduction of zemstvo. Considered the most important question of the transfer of land in perpetuity Cossack troops, the right, which confirmed the special position of the Cossacks in the government system, but once again confirmed in the tradition of modernization development. The study confirmed that the Orenburg Cossack army at the turn of the century, was clearly included in the governance structure, and Cossack troops controls were considered government agencies. Cossacks reformed according to the general idea of the modernization process took place in the Russian Empire. However, they are not used for the template, and had its own peculiarities. It is caused by several factors were: a special control system, the role of the Cossacks in the empire, the traditional way of life of the Cossacks. Therefore, each reform had its own characteristics, and some have not been implemented, that before the outbreak of the First World War and distinguished Cossack regions from the rest of the empire.