Биологическая активность Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae): обзор

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Аннотация

Hypericum perforatum L. (зверобой продырявленный) является лекарственным растением, которое в последнее время интенсивно изучается клиницистами, фармакологами и химиками. Результатами этого являются публикации как оригинальных статей, так и ряда обзоров, посвященных спектру биологической активности экстрактов и отдельных химических компонентов этого вида. В отличие от многих других известных лекарственных растений, фармакологическое изучение которых сопровождается установлением структур новых (или вновь обнаруженных) химических соединений, динамика современного изучения H. perforatum по большей части связана с детальным изучением механизмов его терапевтического действия и, в меньшей степени, с поиском новых компонентов.

Цель. Обзор сведений по биологической активности экстрактов и отдельных компонентов Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) – зверобоя продырявленного, опубликованных в научной литературе за последние 10 лет.

Материалы и методы. Для сбора и анализа сведений использовали электронные базы данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и др. доступные ресурсы. Поиск в базах данных производился по публикациям за 2010–2020 гг. по таким ключевым словам, как: Hypericum perforatum, зверобой продырявленный, St. John’s wort, биологическая активность зверобоя.

Результаты. В обзоре представлены сведения об антидепрессивной, нейропротекторной, ноотропной, анксиолитической активности, антибактериальным, цитотоксическим, противовоспалительным свойствам, анальгезирующем, гипогликемическом действии, а также других видах активности экстрактов H. perforatum и индивидуальных соединений (гиперицина, гиперфорина, аментофлавона и др.), выделенных из этого вида. Как известно, пул вторичных метаболитов этого вида включает нафтодиантроны, флавоноиды и другие фенольные соединения, несколько классов липофильных веществ, в том числе производных флороглюцина и терпеноиды. При этом наиболее подробно (помимо экстрактов и их фракций) изучалась биологическая активность фотореактивного нафтодиантрона гиперицина и гиперфорина – производного флороглюцина. Данный обзор посвящен анализу сведений по биологической активности зверобоя продыявленного, опубликованных в литературе с 2010 по 2020 годы. В настоящее время популярность H. perforatum связана, прежде всего, с его антидепрессивными свойствами, которые подтверждены многочисленными доклиническими исследованиями и клиническими испытаниями, хотя до сих пор нет единого мнения о возможности эффективности использования зверобоя для лечения как тяжелой, так и даже умеренной депрессии. Кроме того, в данном обзоре приведены сведения о нейропротекторной, ноотропной, противоэпилептической, анксиолитической, антибактериальной, антивирусной, противопротозойной активности, противоопухолевых, цитотоксических, анальгезирующих, противовоспалительных и других свойств экстрактов и индивидуальных компонентов этого вида.

Заключение. Несмотря на известность H. perforatum, зверобоя продырявленного, как растения с антидепрессивной активностью, продолжаются интенсивные исследования, направленные на выяснение молекулярных механизмов действия экстрактов и индивидуальных соединений при патологиях нервной системы. Кроме этого, весьма перспективными могут стать исследования его антибактериальной, антивирусной, цитотоксической активности, наряду с определением возможности применения з. продырявленного при нарушениях обмена веществ, функций мочеполовой системы и в других областях медицины.

Об авторах

Андрей Львович Буданцев

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук (БИН РАН)

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: abudantsev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8916-7450

доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией растительных ресурсов

Россия, 197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. проф. Попова, 2

Вероника Александровна Приходько

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

Email: veronika.prikhodko@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4690-1811

аспирант кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии

Россия, 197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. проф. Попова, 14

Ирина Викторовна Варганова

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук (БИН РАН)

Email: varganova_irina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5054-6410

научный сотрудник лаборатории растительных ресурсов

Россия, 197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. проф. Попова, 2

Сергей Владимирович Оковитый

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

Email: Sergey.Okovity@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4294-5531

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакологии и клинической фармакологии

Россия, 197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. проф. Попова, 14

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© Буданцев А.Л., Приходько В.А., Варганова И.В., Оковитый С.В., 2021

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