Voprosy oboronnoj tehniki. Seriâ 16, Tehničeskie sredstva protivodejstviâ terrorizmu

The paper proposes a methodology based on the provisions of the theory of nonsummable
mathematical measures of fuzzy set theory, the methods of eigenvectors, paired
comparisons and non-summable measures of Dempster and Schaefer, which allows for
the calculated complex indicator of the technical level of space technology samples to
determine a justified range of values satisfying it. The proposed approach allows us to
abandon the requirement that the sum of the weighting coefficients of the components of a
complex indicator be equal to one, which reduces the influence of subjective factors on the
result. The results of testing the methodology are presented using the example of comparing
spacecraft as complex technical objects, conditionally belonging to the same class, and the
features of its use in scientific and technical support of research and development work on
the creation of promising models of rocket and space technology.

The possibility of using a local radio navigation system (LRNS) to ensure the positioning
of a marine vessel (MS) along the route with the necessary accuracy in places where global
satellite RNC signals may contain natural interference, and the geometry of movement of
the elements of the Satellite Radio Navigation System (SRNS) may not be sufficient to
meet the requirements for determining the location with the required accuracy, is relevant
in the present tense. The presented paper discusses the principle of constructing a local
radio navigation system for positioning small-sized naval vessels at a range of up to 100 km
with a standard deviation of no more than 1 meter. Rational options for the placement
of the reference stations of the LRNS are proposed to ensure the required accuracy, and
the problem of estimating accuracy is solved by processing measurements using the
method proposed in the work using both equal-precision and non-precision measurements.

The article proposes a model for processing tasks with variable computational complexity
in a distributed environment with a software-defined architecture. The model is based
on three key components: a negative request mechanism for congestion management,
container virtualization for dynamic resource scaling, and queue network theory for
performance analysis. The model of representation of processes for processing tasks with
dynamic labor intensity in a distributed computing environment with a software-defined
architecture sets itself the task of optimizing computing processes, managing computing
resources and ensuring minimal task execution time. Such a model should ensure high
productivity, efficient resource management, and automation of adaptation processes to
changing conditions. The main focus is on dynamic resource management under unstable
load.

The article addresses the challenges of modeling elements of the background-target
environment and their causes. For given parameters of an electro-optical system, an
expression is derived that enables the creation of star samples using a standard uniform
random variable sensor, where the brightness distribution aligns with actual astronomical
data. A method for modeling uncataloged stellar background («scoop method») based on
the assumption of uniform star distribution in space is proposed. An expression for the total
number of stars within a spherical region of a certain radius is obtained. This expression
accounts for the non-uniform distribution of stars in the Galaxy. Mathematical analysis
provided optimal samples reflecting the actual distribution of stars by brightness within
the system's field of view. Under the given assumptions of stellar statistics equations, an
expression for the total number of stars in a spherical region of space of a certain radius is
derived.

The article discusses proposals for ensuring the stability of management by improving
and using engineering barriers, means, and techniques for simulating management system
objects, which can be used to ensure their security and other infrastructure objects. Taking
into account the situations discussed, these proposals allow for an increase in the number
of surviving personnel by 6–8 %, equipment by 15–20 %, and the justification of the
composition of the complex of means for ensuring the security of the management system
object. The developed proposals for ensuring the security of management system facilities
by improving their imitation allow for a 22–24 % reduction in personnel losses and a
30–35 % reduction in equipment losses. The implementation of measures increases the
stability of the management system's functioning, and the greatest effect can be achieved
through the comprehensive use of the considered means and methods.

The article analyzes open sources on the issue of improving the operational safety of barrel
artillery ammunition. Ways to increase the resistance of ammunition to dangerous external
influences are considered. It is determined that the most effective method of improving
the operational safety of ammunition is the integrated use of three key elements that affect
the achievement of the safest reaction of ammunition in case of unauthorized exposure:
reducing the sensitivity of the explosive composition of ammunition by creating and using
low-sensitivity explosives; improving the thermal and shock-protective properties of
ammunition shells; improving packaging in order to reduce the likely dangerous external
effects on ammunition during storage and transportation.

The article presents an algorithm for the collective distribution of targets by a group of
UAVs designed to monitor the occurrence and development of emergencies of natural and
man-made origin. The development is based on the use of a control digital twin, which
provides a fundamentally new approach to coordinating unmanned systems. The essence
of the proposed solution is to create a multi-agent control system, where the virtual space
of the digital twin becomes a platform for generating control actions. This approach allows
you to transfer complex computing processes to a virtual environment, while maintaining
the responsiveness of the entire group to dynamically changing emergency conditions,
which is especially critical in disaster recovery.

Until now, the identification of the dangers of military labor is carried out mainly in the
format of ongoing monitoring of the conditions of daily activity of military personnel,
when the effectiveness of the developed preventive (corrective) measures is low. It is much
easier and more efficient to solve this problem, as is known, at the stages of designing and
creating samples of weapons and military equipment. Nevertheless, the procedure under
consideration at the specified stages of the life cycle of military equipment facilities is
carried out in a very narrow range of military labor factors, which does not allow us to form
a comprehensive matrix of actual hazards in their entirety at each workplace. As a result,
some dangers and the associated risks of damage to the health of military personnel remain
unaccounted for and, consequently, uncontrollable.

The article provides an overview of the models of multifunctional bayonet knives adopted
by the leading countries of the world. The classification of bayonets is given, indicating
the distinguishing feature of the products under study. The reasons for the appearance and
maintenance of the need for multifunctional bayonet knives in modern military equipment
are described. Their models are described and their design features and main characteristics
are indicated, as well as models of small arms compatible with specific products. The
materials used in the manufacture of the described products and their parameters are given.
Additional functions of bayonet knives and design solutions for their implementation are
listed. An analysis of the designs was carried out in order to identify the advantages and
disadvantages, as well as the main development trends of the described products.

The article considers the issue of using a fortification complex consisting of sequentially
placed Loza products and bulk gabions for equipping critically important objects, weapon
positions, military and special equipment in order to protect personnel, combat equipment,
transport and material resources from anti-tank cumulative grenades of hand-held anti-tank
grenade launchers. The protective characteristics of the complex were confirmed during
full-scale tests by firing PG-7VL grenades at it. As a result of the tests, it was established
that the elements of the PG-7VL grenade, after the activation of its warhead on the Loza
product structure, are retained by the bulk gabions without damaging their rear part.

The cybernetic aspects of information support for decision-making during highly dynamic combat operations are considered. A verbal description and a mathematical model of a nonlinear problem based on a minimax criterion are given. The application of the combinatorial method to the solution of the formulated problem is justified in the interests of information support for decisions made in conditions of multivariate warfare. A variant of the implementation of the dynamic programming method as part of special mathematical and software for automated workplaces of government officials is proposed. The choice of the dynamic programming method is justified for several reasons. Firstly, this method refers to the direct search methods (exact) of mathematical programming. Secondly, it has advantages: the search is not complete, but shortened and directed. Due to these features, the dynamic programming method is quite convenient for solving multidimensional control problems. Ключевые слова: mathematical model, combinatorial problem, information support, minimax criterion, dynamic programming, automated workplace.