Gasification of organic waste with ultrasuperheated steam and carbon dioxide

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Abstract

A literature review on allothermal gasification of organic waste in steam and carbon dioxide environment at atmospheric pressure is presented. Two groups of technologies are considered, namely, low-temperature (500–1000 ◦C) and high-temperature (above 1200 ◦C). The existing low-temperature gasification technologies are shown to provide the syngas of relatively low quality, exhibit low efficiency and complex control of gas composition, and low yields of syngas. The main efforts to improve such technologies are directed at preprocessing of feedstocks and additional processing of the product syngas as well as increasing the reactivity of the feedstocks with the help of catalysts. Unlike low-temperature gasification, high-temperature plasma gasification provides high quality syngas, exhibits high process efficiency and easy control of gas composition, and high yields of syngas. However, arc and microwave plasma technologies require huge energy consumption as well as special construction materials and refractory lining for gasifier walls. Moreover, gasification of feedstocks in plasma reactors mainly occurs at temperatures of 1200–2000 ◦C, so that the gas–plasma transition turns out to be an unclaimed but highly energy-intense intermediate stage. An environmentally friendly detonation gun technology for organic waste gasification is proposed and demonstrated as a more effective alternative.

About the authors

Sergey M. Frolov

N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: smfrol@chph.ras.ru

Doctor of Science in physics and mathematics, head of department, head of laboratory, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; professor, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)

Russian Federation, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 11999

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