Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost
The Journal "Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost" is a scientific periodical which publishes review and research articles submitted by Russian and foreign authors working at higher education institutions, research and academic institutes, plants, research and production associations, as well as foreign authors, containing new results of scientific research.
The journal is issued four times a year.
Goals and Objectives of our Journal:
- To give scientists and scholars an opportunity to publish the results of their research;
- To draw attention to the most topical, promising and interesting schools of research within the subject areas of the journal;
- To contribute to establishing a dialogue between researchers from different regions and countries;
- Contribution to the improvement of professional staff training quality.
Founder and Publisher: the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk National Research Technical University” (FSBEI HE “INRTU”).
Editor-in-Chief: Vitaly V. Peshkov , Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor.
Vice Editor-in-Chief: Victor R. Chupin , Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor.
The Journal is registered by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media: Registration certificate PI No FS77-62787 from 18 August 2015.
The Journal is indexed and included in
- the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications developed by the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education;
- Crossref (each paper has a Digital Object Identifier – DOI)
- the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI);
- Сyberleninka;
- Ulrich’sPeriodicals Directory;
- EBSCO;
- sent to the Russian Book Chamber, VINITI RAS (All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences), leading universities, research institutes in Russia and CIS countries.
- distributed by subscription through the Russian Post.
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
INRTU is a member of the Association of science editors and publishers (ASEP).
Edição corrente
Volume 15, Nº 3 (2025)
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
The future of public administration: a digital vector of development
Resumo
The scale of the tasks of restructuring the national economy requires not only the concentration of resources in strategically important areas, but also the creation of synergies between production capacities and the goals of creating new transport corridors, staffing, solving the tasks of updating the social sphere and ensuring the security and sovereignty of our country. In a number of business segments, contradictions between the interests of government authorities and business entities are growing. As a result, many successfully implemented projects are not accompanied by multiplier effects in related areas of the economy. At the state level, there is no overall picture of the spatial development of the country. As a result, public administration in conditions of budget constraints caused by increasing sanctions is deprived of an objective basis not only for setting goals and making managerial decisions, but also for developing executive mechanisms to achieve them. The measures taken by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation in terms of improving the quality of solutions are focused on the use of analytical data accumulated during construction and urban planning activities. The latter are necessary both for forecasting and for planning construction activities, making it possible to reduce and, if possible, eliminate design errors, anticipate possible problems of interaction between participants in investment and construction processes at various levels and, as a result, improve the quality of construction and shorten the duration of the investment and construction cycle.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):384-399
384-399
CONSTRUCTION
Production of ceramic wall material based on burnt rocks and phosphoric slag without the use of natural traditional raw materials
Resumo
The purpose of the work is to qualify the raw materials according to the main evaluation characteristics – shale clay as a plastic binder, ash and slag mixture as a burning additive, and phosphoric slag as a detergent for the production of ceramic wall materials, without using natural natural raw materials. An electron microscope JSM 6390A from Jeol (Japan) was used to diagnose waste for a microstructure of element-by-element chemical composition. In the petrographic diagnosis of raw materials, immersion liquids, transparent slips, full slips, and MIN-8 and MIN-7 microscopes were used. The raw materials used were waste from shale processing plants and from the burning of shale shale clay, ash and slag mixture and phosphorous slag. Experiments have confirmed that ceramic wall material cannot be classified as an M100 product without the involvement of solvents in the composition of only a single shale clay. It has been experimentally proven that the optimal composition for obtaining M125 grade bricks is a composition containing 18% phosphorous slag and 7% ash and slag mixture. A further increase in the amount of phosphorous slag, ash and slag mixture and, consequently, a decrease in the clay binder leads to a decrease in technical performance. Qualified utilization or recycling of hightonnage man-made raw materials of the fuel and energy complex is one of the most demanded solutions to the environmental problem.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):400-408
400-408
Formation of a geographically distributed network structure for the production of factory-ready housing kits in low-rise housing construction
Resumo
The article considers an urgent scientific problem, which consists in a fundamental structural contradiction between the strategic goals of the development of low-rise industrial construction in the Russian Federation at all stages of the life cycle of facilities and the established industrial and technological base of the industry based on the model of stationary house-building complexes. The purpose of the research is to develop and test tools for the formation of a geographically distributed network structure of production facilities of enterprises for the production of factory-ready housing kits, capable of overcoming the economic and logistical barriers of the classical model, manifested at all stages of the life cycle of industrial low-rise housing construction. Within the framework of the study, a toolkit was developed that includes a methodology for selecting reference territories and a mathematical optimization model solved by the "branches and boundaries" method. The practical testing of the toolkit was carried out using the example of a retrospective analysis of the emergency response in Tulun (Irkutsk region, 2019). A quantitative assessment of the effect of the proposed model was carried out by comparative economic and mathematical modeling of the basic (delivery from a remote DSC) and innovative (deployment of a mobile DSC on site) scenarios. As a result of the research, the economic, temporal and social effectiveness of the proposed network model has been proven. It is concluded that the developed toolkit is an effective means of improving the efficiency of life cycle management of lowrise residential construction and can be used to solve problems of both planned spatial development and rapid response in emergency situations.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):409-419
409-419
Research of technogenic cycles of resource and product circulation as an information and analytical base for forecasting and preventing technogenic emergencies
Resumo
The relevance of the research lies in the unresolved problem of preventing socio-economic, environmental and other consequences of technogenic emergencies. The purpose of the work was to study technogenic cycles of resource and product circulation in the format of forming an information and analytical database for forecasting and preventing technogenic emergencies. Research objectives: analysis of literary sources on the topic of working with the choice of strategy and tactics of the conducted research, study of the stages of technogenic cycles of turnover of products and raw materials, objects and processes of negative impact on the environment as potential sources of occurrence and development of natural and technogenic emergencies, development of proposals for the greening of technogenic cycles in in order to ensure the safety of the population and the environmental safety of the territories. The research results presented by the authors are not final, they will be used as an information and analytical base in the process of scientific and methodological substantiation of forecasting dangerous technogenic events and processes in order to prevent accidents, disasters, emergency situations that pose a danger to the natural environment, life and health of the future and future generations of Russian citizens.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):420-432
420-432
Water purification of technogenic solutions from nickel (II) ions by a combined process
Resumo
The option of combined purification of aqueous solutions from nickel (II) ions is based on sorption technologies using electrically generated aluminum hydroxide with an amorphous porous structure in the form of a hydrogel and a developed sorbing surface. Such aluminum hydroxide has a micellar structure and can be described by a colloidal particle: {[m Al(OH)3] nAl(OH)2+ (n-x) OH-}x+ хOH-. Purification is associated with the phenomenon of sorption of a contaminating ion on the surface of the sorbent due to the dispersion interaction. The limiting value of nickel adsorption at 298 K and pH 7.6 was 8.3 mmol/g, the consumption of electricity corresponded to 9.5 A.h with an optimal electrocoagulation time of ten minutes and a current density of 1.6 mA/cm2. The advantages of the electrocoagulation method using aluminum electrodes, in comparison with other wastewater treatment methods, are the simplicity of the equipment manufacturing and ease of maintenance. The purification efficiency during electrocoagulation treatment was 86%. Aftertreatment of technogenic aqueous solutions was performed using carbon sorbents in a slightly alkaline medium at pH 9.8. The sorption value of nickel reaches 0.25 mmol/g. A feature of the combined technology for extracting nickel from aqueous solutions is the disinfection of water with an improvement in its granoleptic properties and the possibility of avoiding secondary contamination of the treated aqueous solutions with applied reagents.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):433-441
433-441
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of methods for evaluating completed construction work using a point cloud
Resumo
The large-scale use of digital capabilities of laser scanning technology at the stages of the life cycle of a construction facility is limited by a number of reasons, among which it is possible to note the lack of technological methods for processing laser scanning results with the subsequent transformation of the resulting point cloud into a digital executive model. The article considers the foreign and domestic experience of practical use of point clouds at the stage of construction of a construction object, with the possibility of verifying the volume of completed work based on a digital information model. Based on the results of a comparative analysis using the example of the load-bearing skeleton of a building made in the executive and design information models, a general disadvantage of known methods for creating and determining the volume of work performed based on point clouds was identified. The article proposes a solution that eliminates the discovered flaw. The advantages of the proposed method are shown, in comparison with the known ones, using the example of determining the volume of a monolithic reinforced concrete wall of a civil building. A discrepancy was revealed in the assessment of the completed volumes of the structure obtained using various methods. The proposed method of calculating volumes using a point cloud makes it possible to increase the transparency of management at the stages of the life cycle of a construction facility, ensures a more rational distribution of material and labor resources, improves the quality of construction control, as well as the reliability of executive documentation.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):442-453
442-453
The use of seasonal accumulation of natural cold in modern air conditioning as a technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Resumo
Air conditioning systems are one of the main consumers of electric energy during the warmer months. Natural cold has been used for indoor air conditioning since ancient times. The possibility of harvesting snow and using accumulated cold for various purposes during the warm season is being studied in a number of countries, such as the USA, Canada, Japan, Sweden, Norway, China. The purpose of the article is to review the existing natural sources of cold for air conditioning systems, their classification and analysis of the reduction of CO2 emissions when using natural cold for an airport air conditioning system. There are two main types of natural sources of cold: permanent action and accumulators of natural cold. The classification of air conditioning systems with seasonal accumulation of ice or snow, methods of insulation of open snow storage facilities are considered. The calculation of the reduction of CO2 emissions was performed when using an open-type cold storage facility as a source of cold for the fan coil system at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport. The reduction in annual emissions is up to 61 tons of CO2 per year, with an installed cooling system capacity of 157.4 kW or 0.39 tons per 1 kW of power. Thus, seasonal accumulation of snow or ice is a technology that makes it possible to reduce energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):454-465
454-465
On the possibility of using modern sedimentation reagents to extract heavy metal ions from wastewater from electroplating
Resumo
Currently, any technological process is determined not only by production indicators, but also by environmental safety, which can be achieved with the use of new technologies, methods, modern reagents, etc. The article analyzes the aspects of the possible use of heavy metal ion precipitating reagents from Plexon: Plexon 3315, Plexon 2210 and Plexon 5020, as well as the organic precipitating reagent Plexon 9015 (a mixture of polyethyleneimine and dithiocarbamate). The use of these reagents makes it possible to implement a safe technology that meets all modern standards and requirements. Plexon reagents are capable of creating complexes with heavy metal ions in a short reaction time, which leads to a significant reduction in the amount of contaminated wastewater and a reduction in the volume of facilities. Laboratory studies were carried out on a developed semi-productive wastewater treatment plant containing metal ions using a universal professional dosing system Diversey. To understand the mechanism of complexation of heavy metal ions with the proposed reagents, diffractograms of reagent samples were obtained using the method of X-ray phase analysis. As a rule, the dosage of reagents depends on the type of metal being deposited, its concentration, and the complexing reagents used, which is confirmed in the obtained regression equations. During the experiment, there is a good comparability of the results of the experiments with the data from literary sources.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):466-476
466-476
A new technology for reducing and disposing of concentrates from reverse osmosis plants by creating conditions for the crystallization of insoluble salts in the channels of the devices
Resumo
Precipitation of poorly soluble salts on membranes and discharge of concentrate have always been problems for the development and improvement of reverse osmosis plants. Deposits are also the main reason that prevents increased extraction and reduced discharge of concentrate, since the formation of insoluble salts due to supersaturation negatively affects the membrane performance. The article presents the results of research based on the study of the theory of sedimentation and crystallization, which make it possible to ensure effective control over the formation and growth of crystals. As a result, a new technology has been developed that makes it possible to reduce concentrate consumption by 20-100 times without the formation of deposits of insoluble salts on membranes and without the use of reagents. Calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate are precipitated without the use of a softening reagent due to the creation of supersaturation due to the concentration of source water in the channels of the apparatus. This non-reactive technology has been developed using nanofiltration membranes with low selectivity. The results of experiments are presented, which demonstrate the conditions necessary for the start of the nucleation process in the concentrate stream, and allow us to determine the rates of nucleation and crystal growth. The application of a new technology for desalination of groundwater and marine waters is presented. The technology allows not only to reduce the discharge of concentrate, but also to divide it into a number of concentrated solutions. An economic comparison of the newly developed technology used in groundwater treatment is given.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):477-500
477-500
Improving the efficiency of microclimate creation systems
Resumo
The work is devoted to the study of the efficiency of the condenser unit of a refrigeration machine using frequency converters to regulate the rotation speed of fans. The research is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the system by optimizing the operating modes of the fans and maintaining a stable temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser. The simulation demonstrates that the operation of one fan at the maximum frequency can be comparable in terms of efficiency with the operation of several fans at lower speeds. This result indicates the possibility of reducing energy consumption when using frequency converters to regulate fan operation. The article discusses the principle of operation of an autonomous voltage inverter used to generate a sinusoidal output signal, as well as the implementation features of vector pulse width modulation. The key stages of modeling are described – the formation of control signals, the calculation of time intervals for switching motor windings and the transformation of coordinates from a three-phase system to a two-phase coordinate system α and β. The structure of the sector shaper blocks and the spatial stress vector obtained as a result of the simulation are presented. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methods to increase the quality of the output voltage and improve the performance of ventilation systems. The study is of practical importance for the design and modernization of fan control systems for condensers in refrigeration units, contributing to lower energy consumption and increased equipment reliability. The article was written on the basis of the Center for High Technologies of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):501-515
501-515
Criteria of the quality system of design organizations: modular approach taking into account risks
Resumo
The purpose of the research is to develop criteria for the quality system of a design organization using modular and risk-based approaches. The modular approach makes it possible to evaluate various aspects of the project organization's activities, deconstructing them into separate modules based on the organizational and technical model of functioning. Modules of human resources, engineering and technical support and evaluation of the quality of project products are proposed. In each module, criteria with certain weight coefficients are evaluated. The quantitative indicators of the criteria are determined by an expert method, and the assignment of weighting coefficients is based on the multi-criteria hierarchy analysis (AHP) method. Using the personnel potential module as an example, the compilation of a matrix of paired comparisons and calculations of its consistency indices are shown. The risk-based approach classifies project organizations into three levels, depending on a comprehensive assessment in three modules. The numerical values of the factors obtained make it possible to make a ranking according to the degree of significance, and based on this, to develop corrective measures aimed at improving the problematic areas of the project organization. The systematized list of criteria introduces a comprehensive indicator of the enterprise's quality system, which can serve as an indicator of designers' readiness to perform various levels of contracts, taking into account possible error risks. The results of the testing showed that a modular approach to quality management allows not only to increase the efficiency of the design organization, but also to reduce the risks associated with design and construction errors.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):516-525
516-525
The effect of the structure-forming modifying additive Plastobit based on synthetic waxes for the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete
Resumo
The purpose of this work is to study the changes in the physico-mechanical characteristics of organic binders modified with additives based on synthetic waxes, their effect on polydisperse organomineral compositions (asphalt concrete). National projects such as "Safe, high-quality roads" and "Creating a comfortable urban environment" are aimed at bringing transport and operational characteristics up to standard, restoring and improving public roads and the road network, as well as the largest urban agglomerations. The use of a modifying additive will allow them to extend the interrepair time of the highway and reduce the development of plastic deformations. Using well-known methods and modern scientific and technical laboratory equipment, comparative tests were carried out, which made it possible to identify patterns of change in the physical and operational characteristics of fine organomineral compositions. Based on the studies carried out and the laboratory results obtained, recommendations for the use of a modifying additive were formulated and given, which was reflected in practical application at the facilities of reconstruction and repair of highways during the installation of the upper layers of coatings.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):526-538
526-538
The electronic form of technical documentation, the basis of modern methods of operation of real estate
Resumo
The safety and durability of the operation of commissioned buildings, structures, and structures depends on the quality, efficiency, and timeliness of work performed by the personnel of the operating organizations. In turn, the activities carried out on the maintenance, maintenance and repair of structural elements, engineering systems and equipment of real estate objects are impossible without the use of technical documentation (drawings, diagrams, magazines, passport instructions, etc.). The analysis of regulatory documents in the field of construction regulating the organization and implementation of the activities of design, construction, expert, operating organizations and industry executive authorities is carried out. The results of the study made it possible to formulate proposals on the need to make additions to existing regulatory documents regarding the possibility of using executive and operational documentation at the operational stage of the life cycle of a capital construction facility. During the preparation of the publication, the compatibility of the forms and content of the source and operational documentation transmitted by the developer to the operating organization was analyzed, as well as the possibilities of its synchronization within the framework of the introduction of digital information models of capital construction facilities. The advantages of using electronic documents at the operational stage of the life cycle of a capital construction facility are described, including the transformation of electronic documents into interactive electronic documents for more accessible forms of organizing routine maintenance by the personnel of the operating organization. In addition, the prospects for further use of interactive electronic documents in the educational process of educational institutions are shown.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):539-549
539-549
Wastewater disposal systems in specially protected areas, problems and solutions
Resumo
The basis for the life of a modern city are domestic wastewater disposal systems, which are a complex technical system consisting of a variety of facilities for receiving, collecting, transporting and treating wastewater coming from residential buildings, social and cultural facilities. The sanitary condition of the territory, the comfort of living and the ability of the city to develop depend on the reliability of each of the listed structures. Traditionally, wastewater disposal systems have an extensive structure, which is effective from the point of view of their operation. However, due to the lack of backup lines and devices, when gravity collectors become clogged and blocked upstream, sewage fills the free space in pipelines and wells. At the same time, in low-lying areas, wastewater is usually poured from observation wells onto the soil and enters reservoirs, which negatively affects the ecology of the urban environment and the preservation of the unique flora and fauna of water bodies, especially those in lakes. Baikal. However, at the legislative level, the discharge of untreated wastewater to the earth's surface is prohibited in specially protected areas. The article proposes a methodology for reserving household sanitation networks and demonstrates its effectiveness using the example of the city of Baikalsk. The article may be useful for designers and decision makers on the construction of wastewater disposal systems in specially protected areas.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):550-559
550-559
ARCHITECTURE. URBAN CONSTRUCTION. DESIGN
Preservation, formation and creation of a new architectural identity in historical rural settlements
Resumo
Rural settlements with historical heritage located near megacities are becoming attractive to urban residents. The process of ruralization, the reverse of urbanization, contributes to the emergence of new functions. The deteriorating architectural environment requires the revitalization and integration of modern objects within a single artistic and aesthetic concept, in accordance with the landscape, the preservation of authenticity and identity, and the achievement of an urban ensemble. The analysis of the renovated settlements makes it possible to identify the principles of design and integration of innovations into the historical context. The results of many years of field observations and studies of rural areas in various countries, theoretical understanding of the processes of deurbanization and transformation of the modern village with an emphasis on the preservation and strengthening of architectural identity are presented. As part of actual orders from the administration of rural settlements in the Baikal region, students of Irkutsk National Research Technical University are developing projects to identify the specifics of the architectural environment and interpret traditional forms, creating modern objects with a local architectural identity. As a result of the research, two key components of a successful dialogue between modern and historical were identified: the systematization of the typology of traditional housing, which forms a homogeneous, homogeneous urban fabric, its modern interpretation enhances local identity, the emphasis on unique historical buildings and the creation of new architectural dominants serve as landmarks and symbols of the place. Some methods of designing modern architectural objects based on local historical buildings are proposed.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):560-574
560-574
Landscape revitalization of natural territories in the city structure
Resumo
The purpose of the presented research is to develop a concept of landscape revitalization of natural territories aimed at restoring their ecological balance, increasing biodiversity and creating a sustainable recreational infrastructure. The conceptual model is performed in relation to the landscape revitalization of the territory of the Suzdal lakes in Saint Petersburg. The main objectives in the context of the goal are: to conduct an expert assessment of the natural and ecological situation in the territory under consideration in accordance with the regulatory framework for the development and conservation of ecosystems, to conduct a comprehensive urban planning and landscape analysis of the territory in order to identify factors affecting the environmental sustainability of the territory, to determine the principles and methods of implementing the concept of landscape revitalization natural territories. The study was conducted on the basis of an assessment of the landscape and ecological condition of the territory, an expert analysis of adverse factors, a field study, and a graphoanalytical method for systematizing materials. As a result of the research, the principles and techniques for implementing the concept of landscape revitalization of natural territories were formulated and a conceptual proposal for the functional zoning of the territory of the Suzdal Lakes was developed. Based on the integration of the principles of sustainable development, biodesign and landscape planning, approaches are given to create a harmonious space that not only restores natural ecosystems, but also becomes an important element of the urban environment. The theoretical model is based on a research topic: landscape revitalization of a natural area applicable to a specific area of the Suzdal Lakes. In the presented model, ecology and anthropogenic impact on the territory are in a balanced interaction.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):575-585
575-585
Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning for BIM
Resumo
Quality control is an integral component of building information modeling processes in architectural design. At each stage of the facility's life cycle, systematic collection and monitoring of key indicators is required. BIM technology, based on the intensive use of data, involves the use of complex computational methods such as image processing and analysis of large amounts of information. In this context, artificial intelligence and machine learning have proven effective in automating tasks and extracting valuable insights both in Russia and abroad. These technologies also make it possible to predict the need for maintenance and quality control with high accuracy, determining optimal time and spatial parameters. This article analyzes modern approaches to the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in architectural design, and discusses the prospects and challenges associated with the implementation of these technologies in architectural design, construction and landscape design. The purpose of the study is to form a comprehensive understanding of the current needs of architecture and the construction industry and the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on their development, as well as to identify areas for further scientific research. Special attention is paid to operational systems capable of solving complex tasks and learning from data, which ensures high accuracy in identifying patterns and predicting the life cycle of objects, especially when processing significant amounts of information.
Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2025;15(3):586-599
586-599