Terms as a Result of Various Forms of Borrowing (Language of Digital Society)

This article focuses on the genesis of terminology within the digital society in the Russian. Approximately 60% of the terms in this terminological system are the result of various forms of borrowing. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between these forms and the characteristics of their manifestation. The research is based on over 1500 nominations extracted from scholarly texts addressing issues related to digital culture, as well as from the electronic media bank “Integrum,” the National Corpus of the Russian Language, and the website of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation. The study employs a structural-descriptive method. It has been found that structural calques dominate in the examined terminology, which can be attributed to the nature of its nominations (with a predominance of expanded forms). Single-word terms are primarily borrowed, while compound terms are typically calqued. Secondary borrowings play a significant role in the formation of the terminological system; their incorporation into the Russian leads to a re-internationalization of certain established terms. The article notes instances where terms in Russian, derived from the same English word, have become established through different methods of borrowing: calques and insertions (bolshiye dannye — Big Data); calques and semi-calques (golosovoy pomoshchnik [voice assistant] / assistant); direct borrowing and calque (phygital — tsifro-fisicheskiy). There is a noticeable trend towards the penetration of Anglicisms into the recipient language, which exhibit formal-semantic connections therein.

term borrowing, terminology of the digital society, calquing, secondary borrowing, graphic borrowing, competition of borrowing forms, internationalization