Rise of Women’s Social Activism in Britain During 1890s as a Dimension of Women’s Movement

This article examines the role of women as elected officials in local government bodies, school boards, and poor law guardians in late 19th-century Britain. The research is grounded in local government reports, contemporary periodicals, and memoirs of the time. It challenges the prevailing historiographical perspective that the 1890s represented a period of stagnation for the women's movement. Evidence reveals a significant increase in the number of women elected to various levels of governance during this decade. The outcomes of their involvement included marked improvements in living conditions within communities, a substantial humanization of the Poor Law of 1834, and subsequent national initiatives for free school meals and the abolition of the tuition fees. The study concludes that policymakers viewed women’s participation in local governance as an extension of the charitable work by upper and middle-class women, based on the belief that caring for the poor, health care, and education were continuations of the women’s roles as wives and mothers. Thus, policymakers aimed to reinforce traditional gender roles. It is noted that service in elected positions served as a preliminary step for some future suffragists to engage in political activities, with party affiliation having a limited impact on women’s social work.

Britain, suffragists, school boards, guardianship boards, Poor Law, local government, workhouses