卷 83, 编号 3 (2024)
TECHNICAL MEANS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Expanded scope of application of wheel stops
摘要
Introduction. The paper considers equipping rolling stock with new lightweight wheel stops of increased reliability, as well as the use of the drag shoes on space intervals, including abnormal situations.
Materials and methods. The authors performed field tests to compare the performance of lightweight wheel stops TM 37.10.2016 and hump drag shoes 8739.00. The paper determined the tractive force for moving a empty car train and loaded car train equipped with drag shoes.
Results. The paper analyses the securing of railway rolling stock with wheel stops on space intervals with different gradients and different weights of trailing rolling stock. The paper describes the developed methodology of emergency withdrawal of a multiple unit rolling stock with a wedged wheel pair using wheel stops and determines the ultimate sliding distance of the wedged wheel pair compared to the hump drag shoes. The paper established that withdrawing the electric rolling stock from the space interval with the wedged wheel pair requires 4 times more wheel stops than the hump drag shoes.
Discussion and conclusion. The authors shown that traction rolling stock permits the practical replacement of hump drag shoes 8739.00 currently in use with wheel stops TM 37.10.2016. The braking characteristics of wheel stops and hump drag shoes only differ during the short initial period of paint abrasion on the rubbing surface of the wheel stop skids. Since the drag shoes for rolling stock are intended for emergency, their rubbing surface must not be painted.
193-204
Ensuring transportation under turnout switches loads exceeding design and regulatory criteria
摘要
Introduction. The need to rapidly increase the volume of railway transport is ensured by the use of heavy-load trains of increased weight and higher carriage axle loads. The capacity of the railway infrastructure does not always allow for unlimited use of such traffic organisation. Replacement of the existing track structures with modern ones designed for operation under heavy-load trains requires considerable time and material costs. During this time transportation has to continue on existing track structures, including the R50 light rail tracks. This research examines the capacity of switch economy in terms of safe movement of heavy-load trains on operated turnout switches before they are replaced by special ones designed for heavy-load traffic.
Materials and methods. The paper is based on the results of research of stress-deformation state of the main elements of turnout switches affected by rolling stock with different axle loads. It also uses the results of analysis of resource indicators of turnouts under different operating conditions on the road network. The analysis of the influence of rolling stock axle loads on the service life indicators of turnout switches elements applied the methods of mathematical statistics and reliability theory.
Results. The authors obtained predictive data on the service life trends, failure-free operation likelihood and failure rate of the main elements of turnout switches with an increase in the loads of rolling stock circulating on the turnout switches up to 25 t/axle. The researchers developed a method of predictive analysis of turnout switches service life indicators.
Discussion and conclusion. The predictive analysis is versatile and could be used for assessing the influence of rolling stock axle loads on service life indicators of track structure elements. The authors developed proposals to ensure traffic safety under heavy-load train traffic on the operated turnout switches. These conclusions are useful in organising the current maintenance of turnout switches on sections with heavy-load trains to be put into circulation.
205-214
Current state and prospects of development of energy-optimal control systems for 2ES6 electric locomotives
摘要
Introduction. The research focuses on the current state and prospects of development of the systems of energy-optimal train driven by freight main line DC electric locomotives 2ES6. An analysis of current trends in energy saving and increasing the efficiency of traction energy resources in railway transport and their impact on haulage of trains shows that train guidance based on machine learning and artificial intelligence remains poorly researched. The study is primarily intended to determine the actual use of automation of goods train driving in the sections of the Ural-Siberian railway proving ground and its impact on the energy-optimal schedule of completed train operations.
Materials and methods. The problem solving involved the basic provisions of the theory of haulage of trains, concepts of the theory of automated control and diagnostics of electric rolling stock, as well as statistical methods of data processing.
Results. The authors hypothesise that a smart adaptive rolling stock control support system with machine learning and AI would reduce the specific power consumption of locomotives. The researchers show that the most feasible way to build real-time dynamic models of energy-optimal locomotive motion for such smart system is to use data from the automated workstation of a freight locomotives motion recorder and auto-drive, as this is the data that contains accurate geographic coordinates to synchronise measurements on trips in a particular section.
Discussion and conclusion. A tunable artificial recurrent neural network on long short-term memory in new or existing improved methods for energy-efficient train rolling stock control would improve the motion recorders used on locomotives. The developed algorithm may form the basis of a fundamentally new smart adaptive rolling stock control support system with machine learning and AI. Further research would be focused on the development of technology for building dynamic models of energy-optimal real-time locomotive movement with train.
215-229
TRANSPORTATION PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Transition to automated information and control systems for the operational management of transportation in the Russian Railways network: terms of reference
摘要
Introduction. Transportation process experiences continuous and often unpredictable changes in the operational situation at stations, sections and proving grounds of the network. Stabilisation of transportation process requires operative control decisions, which today are made by dispatchers and duty workers of various levels on the basis of knowledge, experience, abilities and intuition using information received at automated work stations from numerous information systems. Development and introduction of automated information and control systems instead of information systems will increase technical and economic efficiency of operational management of transportation and expand the control zones of the duty dispatchers.
Materials and methods. The paper proposes to classify factors affecting transportation process as internal and external. It examines the reasons for their formation and the nature of their impact on operational work.
Results. The work establishes time parameters for the development of operational control decisions and proves the necessity of technical and economic evaluations in the selection of rational decisions. The work justifies the stages of implementation of information and control systems in terms of selecting the categories of dispatchers and on-duty workers whose automated work stations are subject to priority development as information and control workplaces. The authors consider the conditions for the construction of hierarchical simulation models of the operation of controlled objects for the selection of rational operational control decisions at specific workplaces.
Discussion and conclusion. The research results can serve as a basis for the Russian Railways to create a programme for solving the urgent problem of transition from information to automated information and control systems for operational management of transportation process on Russian Railways.
231-247
Balancing traction resources based on fluctuations in train speeds and required traction reserves
摘要
Introduction. The rational operation of the locomotive fleet is based on coordination of the locomotive turnover schedule with the train traffic schedule that assume unconditional fulfillment of standard transportation jobs and no less strict compliance with technical and technological standards for locomotive and train operations at locomotive turnover and re-coupling stations. Coordination is intended to set up balance of locomotives at traction interchange points. However, in the course of transportation, the intra-day dislocation of the operating fleet reaches significant unevenness and leads to imbalance. This requires a system for dispatching traction resources to their turnover and recoupling stations which will help to preserve traction balance at the interchange points to compensate for uneven intraday dislocation of the operating fleet, rationalise the locomotive fleet operations, and improve line capacity.
Materials and methods. The balance of traction resources at locomotive turnover and re-coupling stations in intra-day intervals is achieved by interval regulation of traction resources.
Results. The paper proposes an approach to establishing a balance of traction resources at current interlocking stations as the simplest type of turnover and recoupling stations (as a rule, they do not have additional adjacencies, using a one-to-one traction exchange). The approach applies the correlation between fluctuations in train traffic speeds and the amount of required traction reserves within daily three-hour intervals.
Discussion and conclusion. This approach helps to improve the traction resource balancing technology at the current junction stations, and create a basis for building a mechanism for dispatching regulation reserves.
248-257
AUTOMATION AND CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Urban railway driver scheduling
摘要
Introduction. The article summarises the experience of urban railway driver scheduling with a significant impact on traffic safety. The study is intended to identify commonalities in the scheduling of production and human resources in urban railways to analyse the results achieved in driver scheduling; to identify further research and applications related to the combination of different scheduling methods.
Materials and methods. The object of research is mathematical support of elements of smart transport systems related to driver scheduling. The formalisation of driver scheduling required a description of construction results in the format of suites, i. e. component sequences.
Results. The analysis of resource management scenarios (production and human) has revealed the unity of problem statements and approaches to their solution while improving the comfort of transport services and peoples working conditions, which is given considerable attention at the stage of transport scheduling. The paper analyses the functioning of the systems created by the authors, which systems are part of smart transport systems, and the effects achieved. The paper proposes a new, for Russian railways, way to formalise driver scheduling, illustrating the proposed classification of scheduling tasks and combining the scheduling results for drivers performing different types of work. The article shows possible application of the Bellman dynamic programming method and genetic algorithm to the solution of the problem. The article provides statistical processing of the obtained data. The paper identifies prerequisites for creating a unified methodology for smart scheduling of different types of resources on urban railways.
Discussion and conclusion. The results can also be used in scheduling locomotive crews, for example, for the Moscow Central Ring, with the existing model expanded. The algorithms produce automatic schedules more balanced than manual schedules with respect to real transport systems.
259-269
High-precision positioning of robotic systems on programme trajectories using satellite navigation measurements
摘要
Introduction. The main issue in processing satellite measurements remains the struggle with their interference, especially intensive in rugged terrain, cities, atmospheric disturbances and artificial interference. Use of satellite navigation in recent years shows that such conditions undermine traditional satellite signal processing methods based on the least squares method or its’ modifications. These algorithms are unable to provide the required accuracy of spatial orientation for mobile robotic systems operating under intensive disturbances of various physical nature. This requires new algorithms for processing stochastic information more efficient than the least squares method, in particular, based on the theory of nonlinear stochastic filtration. The main challenge in this case is the synthesis of equations of motion of robotic complexes invariant to its type and random conditions of the environment of its functioning. At the same time, as practice shows, the vast majority of complexes move along programme trajectories that allow for analytical description of their motion parameters, which creates prerequisites for solving the problem of synthesis of these equations.
Materials and methods. This paper proposes a navigation algorithm for robotic systems moving along a given trajectory under random perturbing factors. The algorithm is based on the combination of nonlinear stochastic filtering methods for estimating the state of dynamic systems operating under disturbances with non-traditional algorithms for processing satellite measurements and electronic map data.
Results. For an environmental monitoring robot system, the authors modelled the motion in the plane of the local meridian from an initial point with longitude 30° and latitude 45°. The paper analyses the accuracy of the developed algorithm by estimating the trajectory of the robotic system using two classes of satellite navigation systems: medium and low precision.
Discussion and conclusion. The results of the numerical experiment together with the above-mentioned advantages of the proposed method allow us to consider its effective practical application for positioning of mobile robotic systems.
270-277