Self-monitoring of blood glucose as a basis for diabetes management

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The article represents the review of issues of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetes treatment. The therapeutic purposes are considered when carrying out SMBG before and after the meals, accepted in Russia, providing an individualization depending on age, existence of severe complications and the risk of hypoglycemia. SMBG frequency is presented at various options of the antidiabetic therapy. The value of carrying out SMBG for the patient and the doctor is discussed. The principles of the work photometric and electrochemical glucometers are given. Issues of accuracy of blood glucose measuring accepted by the International organization for standardization for the systems of SMBG are presented. The reasons of errors to the system evaluation of blood glucose are connected with incorrect hand washing, improper coding of test strips, external conditions (altitude, temperature, humidity), hematocrit, acidosis, hyperlipidemia, concentration of oxygen in blood, exogenous interfering substances (some medicines). The structure and rules of maintaining the diary as the main way of the storage of results of SMBG are presented. Data of the international and Russian studies on an assessment of efficiency of SMBG are shown. The SMBG new methods are discussed in the section on continuous glucose monitoring.

About the authors

A. Yu Mayorov

FSBI Endocrinology Research Centre of Ministry of Health of Russia

д-р мед. наук, зав. отд-нием программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ ЭНЦ Минздрава РФ

O. G Melnikova

FSBI Endocrinology Research Centre of Ministry of Health of Russia

канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд-ния программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ ЭНЦ Минздрава РФ

Yu. I Filippov

FSBI Endocrinology Research Centre of Ministry of Health of Russia

References

  1. Дедов И.И., Суркова Е.В., Майоров А.Ю. и др. Терапевтическое обучение больных сахарным диабетом. М.: Реафарм, 2004.
  2. Суркова Е.В., Майоров А.Ю., Галстян Г.Р., Токмакова А.Ю. Обучение больных сахарным диабетом. Руководство для эндокринологов. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.: Медицина для Вас, 2007.
  3. Терапевтическое обучение больных. Программы непрерывного обучения для работников здравоохранения в области профилактики хронических заболеваний. Отчет рабочей группы ВОЗ, 1998.
  4. Старостина Е.Г., Галстян Г.Р., Дедов И.И. Современные методы и средства самоконтроля обмена веществ при сахарном диабете. Проблемы эндокринологии. 1994; 1: 36–9.
  5. Сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой, М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2011.
  6. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012; 35 (Suppl. 1): S11–63.
  7. Miller M.E., Byington R.P., Goff D.C. Jr. et al. (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group). Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2545–59.
  8. Patel A, Mac Mahon S, Chalmers J et al. (ADVANCE Collaborative Group). Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560–72.
  9. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. (VADT Investigators). Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
  10. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. 5-й выпуск. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. Сахарный диабет. 2011; прил. к № 3. http://dmjournal.ru/_mod_files/_upload/SD2011_3pr.pdf
  11. Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of Fasting and Postprandial Plasma Glucose Increments to the Overall Diurnal Hyperglycemia of Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Variations with increasing levels of HbA1С. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 881–5.
  12. Сахарный диабет: острые и хронические осложнения. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой, М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2011.
  13. Parkin C.G., Hinnen D, Campbell R.K. et al. Effective Use of Paired Testing in Type 2 Diabetes. The Diabetes educator 2009; 35: 915–27.
  14. Aakre K.M., Watine J, Bunting P.S. et al. Self - monitoring of blood glucose in patients with diabetes who do not use insulin – are guidelines evidence - based? Diabet Med 2012; 29: 1226–36.
  15. Malanda U.L., Welschen L.M., Riphagen I.I. et al. Self - monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 1: CD005060.
  16. Guideline for Management of Postmeal Glucose. International Diabetes Federation 2007.
  17. Guideline for Management of Postmeal Glucose. International Diabetes Federation 2011.
  18. Haupt A, Berg B, Paschen P et al. The effects of skin temperature and testing site on blood glucose measurements taken by a modern blood glucose monitoring device. Diabetes Technol Ther 2005; 7: 597–601.
  19. International Organization for Standardization. In vitro diagnostic test systems. Requirements for blood - glucose monitoring system for self - testing in managing diabetes mellitus. Reference number ISO 15197: 2003 (E). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization 2003.
  20. Raine C.H., Schrock L.E., Edelman S.V. et al. Significant insulin dose errors may occur if blood glucose results are obtained from miscoded meters. J Diabetes Sci and Technology 2007; 1: 205–10.
  21. Grinsberg B.H. Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Monitoring: Sources of Errors in Measurement. J Diabetes Sci and Technology 2009; 3: 903–13.
  22. Tonyushkina K, Nichols J.H. Glucose Meters: A Review of Technical Challenges to Obtaining Accurate Results. J Diabetes Sci and Technology 2009; 3: 971–80.
  23. Ervin K.R., Kiser E.J. Issues and implications in the selection of blood glucose monitoring technologies. Diabetes Technol Ther 1999; 1: 3–11.
  24. Bishop M.L., Fody E.P., Schoeff L.E. Clinical chemistry: principles, procedures, correlations. 5th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005; p. 275.
  25. Schleis T.G. Interference of maltose, icodextrin, galactose, or xylose with some blood glucose monitoring systems. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 2: 1313–21.
  26. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effects of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long - term complications in insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977–86.
  27. Muhlhauser I, Berger M et al. Patient education – evaluation of a complex intervention. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1723–33.
  28. Plank J, Köhler G, Rakovac I. et al. Long - term evaluation of a structured outpatient education programme for intensified insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes: 12-year follow - up. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1370–5.
  29. Майоров А.Ю., Галстян Г.Р., Двойнишникова О.М. и др. Терапевтическое обучение в России: результаты 15-летнего наблюдения больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2005; 3: 52–8.
  30. Hermanides J, Phillip M, De Vries J.H. Current application of continuous glucose monitoring in the treatment of diabetes: pros and cons. Diabetes Care 2011;34 (Suppl. 2): S197–201.

Copyright (c) 2013 Eco-Vector

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies