Risk of thromboembolic events in women using combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, and their prevention: a review
- Authors: Suricova N.A.1, Gluchova A.S.2, Kravchenko E.E.1, Vishnyakov V.A.1, Mokin E.I.1
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Affiliations:
- Orenburg State Medical University
- Odont Medical Center
- Issue: Vol 16, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 168-175
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2221-7185/article/view/309747
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CS640894
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TMQHIG
- ID: 309747
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Abstract
The risk of thromboembolic complications associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and hormone replacement therapy is a concern for both physicians and patients. The work aimed to analyze existing data on the use of COCs and their associated thromboembolic risk. This review summarizes the findings of Russian and international studies conducted in women using COCs who experienced thrombotic complications. A total of 37 sources were used, including articles indexed in international citation databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus, as well as foundational studies and monographs indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Data were selected using the following keywords: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (cardiovascular diseases), комбинированные оральные контрацептивы (combined oral contraceptives), КОК (COCs), тромбоэмболия лёгочной артерии (pulmonary embolism), ТЭЛА (PE), and инфаркт миокарда (myocardial infarction). Materials with unidentified authorship, educational manuals, pseudoscientific online sources, and publications not relevant to the topic were excluded.
The review revealed that the use of COCs may influence the risk of developing pulmonary embolism (PE); however, thrombus formation is also affected by additional factors. Some studies suggest that third- and fourth-generation COCs may be associated with a higher risk of PE, although the absolute risk remains relatively low. It is important to emphasize that the decision to initiate COC use and the selection of a specific drug should be made by a physician based on the patient’s individual characteristics, medical history, and risk factors. Notably, discontinuation of COCs does not eliminate the risk of PE entirely, as hereditary predisposition, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions may also contribute.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Nina A. Suricova
Orenburg State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: nina70494@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8833-7043
SPIN-code: 7891-0830
Russian Federation, 23 Gagarin st, bldg 7, Orenburg, 460040
Anna S. Gluchova
Odont Medical Center
Email: ichi_08@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8220-6739
SPIN-code: 5284-5370
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg
Evgeny E. Kravchenko
Orenburg State Medical University
Email: evgenykrav4enko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-5178-4755
Russian Federation, Orenburg
Vladislav A. Vishnyakov
Orenburg State Medical University
Email: jufffem@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-9554-7986
Russian Federation, Orenburg
Evgeny I. Mokin
Orenburg State Medical University
Email: mokin.ei@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2147-2805
Russian Federation, Orenburg
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