E-cigarettes as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: a narrative literature review
- Authors: Surikova N.A.1, Glukhova A.S.2
-
Affiliations:
- Orenburg State Medical University
- Odont Medical Center LLC
- Issue: Vol 15, No 2 (2024)
- Pages: 171-184
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2221-7185/article/view/263069
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CS625805
- ID: 263069
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
The aim of the work is to analyze and summarize the available data on e-cigarettes and their effect on the cardiovascular system. The review presents materials by domestic and foreign authors on the effect of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on the body. 69 different literature sources were used to write the article — articles published in the international citation databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, as well as fundamental research and monographs published in the RSCI. The data were selected according to the keywords "cardiovascular diseases", "risk factors", "arterial hypertension", "chronic heart failure", "electronic cigarettes", "vapes". Materials whose authorship has not been established, textbooks, near-scientific Internet resources, as well as publications that do not correspond to the subject of the study were excluded from the analysis. According to the results of the review, data on the negative effects of e-cigarettes on the respiratory, reproductive, cardiovascular system and oral cavity were revealed, as well as the main chemical compounds in the vapor composition that can harm the health of e-cigarette users were analyzed. The idea of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to traditional smoking has been shown to be controversial in many ways and requires further study. This information may be necessary for practitioners in order to prevent diseases and protect public health.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Nina A. Surikova
Orenburg State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: nina70494@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8833-7043
SPIN-code: 7891-0830
postgraduate student
Russian Federation, OrenburgAnna S. Glukhova
Odont Medical Center LLC
Email: ichi_08@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8220-6739
cardiologist
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
- Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, et al. e-Cigarette Use Among Youth in the United States, 2019. JAMA. 2019;322(21):2095–2103. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.18387
- WHO. Publications. Review [Internet]. Emphasis on substance use by adolescents in Europe, Central Asia and Canada. International Report on the Health Behavior of School-age Children for 2021/2022. Vol. 3 [updated 2024 Oct 06]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289060936
- Eltorai AE, Choi AR, Eltorai AS. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Various Organ Systems. Respiratory Care. 2019;64(3):328–336. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06300
- Chun LF, Moazed F, Calfee C, et al. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017;313(2):L193–L206. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017
- Thirión-Romero I, Pérez-Padilla R, Zabert G, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I. Respiratory impact of electronic cigarettes and “low-risk” tobacco. Rev Invest Clin. 2019;71(1):17–27. doi: 10.24875/RIC.18002616
- Zhao K, Li J, Zhou P, Xu L, Yang M. Is electronic cigarette use a risk factor for stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2022;20:101. doi: 10.18332/tid/154364
- Hartmann-Boyce J, Lindson N, Butler AR, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;11(11):CD010216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub7. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;1:CD010216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8
- Morean ME, Krishnan-Sarin S, O’Malley S. Assessing nicotine dependence in adolescent e-cigarette users: the 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for electronic cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;188:60–63. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.029
- Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, et al. A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629–637. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
- Russell C, Haseen F, McKeganey N. Factors associated with past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking in adult established smokers who used a JUUL vaporizer for 6 months. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12954-019-0331-5
- Sweet L, Brasky TM, Cooper S, et al. Quitting Behaviors Among Dual Cigarette and E-Cigarette Users and Cigarette Smokers Enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(3):278–284. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty222
- Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, et al. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788–797. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(1):92–93. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(1):98. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(5):509
- Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, et al. Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1423–1428. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty187
- WHO. Questions and answers [Internet]. Tobacco: Electronic cigarettes [updated 2024 Oct 06]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tobacco-e-cigarettes
- The fight against smoking [Internet]. Irlan Tobacco Control Association [updated 2024 Oct 06]. Available from: https://irishheart.ie/advocacy/tobacco-control/
- Public health. Electronic cigarettes [Internet]. The UK government [updated 2024 Oct 06]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-a-developing-public-health-consensus
- Kavousi M, Pisinger C, Barthelemy J-C, et al. Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2021;28(14):1552–1566. doi: 10.1177/2047487320941993
- Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Stroke Council. Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation Res. 2022;131(3):e70–e82. doi: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000544
- King JL, Reboussin BA, Wiseman KD, et al. Adverse symptoms users attribute to e-cigarettes: Results from a national survey of US adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;196:9–13. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.030
- Hua M, Sadah S, Hristidis V, Talbot P. Health Effects Associated With Electronic Cigarette Use: Automated Mining of Online Forums. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(1):e15684. doi: 10.2196/15684
- Liu G, Wasserman E, Kong L, Foulds J. A comparison of nicotine dependence among exclusive E-cigarette and cigarette users in the PATH study. Prev Med. 2017;104:86–91. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.001
- Strasser AA, Souprountchouk V, Kaufmann A, et al. Nicotine Replacement, Topography, and Smoking Phenotypes of E-cigarettes. Tob Regul Sci. 2016;2(4):352–362. doi: 10.18001/TRS.2.4.7
- Marques P, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
- Kaladze NN, Gorobets SM, Gorobets IV, et al. Analysis of the influence of electronic cigarettes (vapes) on dental status. Crimean Therapeutic Journal. 2020;(3):74–79. EDN: RWJGLQ
- Tommasi S, Blumenfeld H, Besaratinia A. Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(6):1145–1154. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad003
- Ganesan SM, Dabdoub SM, Nagaraja HN, et al. Adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on the disease-naive oral microbiome. Sci Adv. 2020;6(22):eaaz0108. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0108
- Belok SH, Parikh R, Bernardo J, et al. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury: a review. Pneumonia. 2020;12:12. doi: 10.1186/s41479-020-00075-2
- Mikhailovsky AI, Wojciechowski VV, Luchnikova TA. The effect of liquids for electronic cigarettes on the human respiratory system. Clinical observation of a patient with EVALI. Bulletin of physiology and pathology of respiration. 2022;(84):93–99. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2022-84-93-99
- Werner AK, Koumans EH, Chatham-Stephens K, et al. Hospitalizations and deaths associated with EVALI. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(17):1589–1598. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915314
- Alnajem A, Redha A, Alroumi D, et al. Use of electronic cigarettes and secondhand exposure to their aerosols are associated with asthma symptoms among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):300. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01569-9
- Clapp PW, Jaspers I. Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(11):79. doi: 10.1007/s11882-017-0747-5
- Yao Y, Liang W, Zhu L, et al. Relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde in the air and asthma in children: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(6):8358–8362.
- Münzel T, Hahad O, Kuntic M, et al. Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(41):4057–4070. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460
- Rebuli ME, Glista-Baker E, Hoffman JR, et al. Electronic-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus. A Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021;64(1):126–137. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0164OC
- Hess CA, Olmedo P, Navas-Acien A, et al. E-cigarettes as a source of toxic and potentially carcinogenic metals. Environ Res. 2017;152:221–225. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.026
- Fang Z, Zhao M, Zhen H, et al. Genotoxicity of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds in vivo and their modes of action on DNA damage in vitro. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103194
- Debnath M, Debnath D, Singh P, et al. Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on the Gastrointestinal System. Cureus. 2022;14(7):e27210. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27210
- Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Violi F, et al. Acuteimpact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 2016;150(3):606–612. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.04.012
- Mastrangeli S, Carnevale R, Cavarretta E, et al. Predictors of oxidative stress and vascular function in an experimental study of tobacco versus electronic cigarettes: A post hoc analysis of the SUR-VAPES 1 Study. Tob Induc Dis. 2018;16:18. doi: 10.18332/tid/89975
- Mamasaidov JA, Sabirov IS. Effects of e-cigarettes: the focus is on the state of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Bulletin of the KRSU. 2022;22(1):159–165. doi: 10.36979/1694-500X-2022-22-1-159-165
- Wang P, Chen W, Liao J, et al. A Device-Independent Evaluation of Carbonyl Emissions from Heated Electronic Cigarette Solvents. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169811. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169811
- Farsalinos KE, Kistler KA, Gillman G, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(2):168–174. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu176
- Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Prokopowicz A, et al. Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde. Thorax. 2016;71(4):376–377. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207895
- Tierney PA, Karpinski CD, Brown JE, Luo W, Pankow JF. Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids. Tob Control. 2016;25(e1):e10–5. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052175
- Meo SA, Ansary MA, Barayan FR, et al. Electronic Cigarettes: Impact on Lung Function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Among Healthy Adults. Am J Mens Health. 2019;13(1):1557988318806073. doi: 10.1177/1557988318806073
- Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Ghio AJ, et al. Chronic E-Cigarette Use Increases Neutrophil Elastase and Matrix Metalloprotease Levels in the Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(11):1392–1401. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0615OC
- Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Fetterman JL, et al. Pod-based e-liquids impair human vascular endothelial cell function. PLoS One. 2023;18(1):e0280674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280674
- Kurkin DV, Abrosimova EE, Bakulin DA, et al. Modulation of the activity of various nitric oxide synthases as an approach to the treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacy and pharmacology. 2022;10(2):130–153. doi: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-2-130-153
- Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, Bullen C, et al. Acute Effects of Heat-Not-Burn, Electronic Vaping, and Traditional Tobacco Combustion Cigarettes: The Sapienza University of Rome-Vascular Assessment of Proatherosclerotic Effects of Smoking (SUR — VAPES) 2 Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(6):e010455. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010455
- Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2017;27(14):1083–1124. doi: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963
- George J, Hussain M, Vadiveloo T, et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(25):3112–3120. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.067
- Ras RT, Streppel MT, Draijer R, Zock PL. Flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular risk prediction: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(1):344–351. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.047
- Fetterman JL, Keith RJ, Palmisano JN, et al. Alterations in Vascular Function Associated With the Use of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(9):e014570. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014570
- Navas-Acien A, Martinez-Morata I, Hilpert M, et al. Early Cardiovascular Risk in E-cigarette Users: the Potential Role of Metals. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2020;7(4):353–361. doi: 10.1007/s40572-020-00297-y
- Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(4):455–461. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.004
- Middlekauff HR, Gornbein J. Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Myocardial Infarction: Persistent Uncertainty. Am J Prev Med. 2019;56(1):159–160. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.007
- Alzahrani T. Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. Cureus. 2023;15(11):e48402. doi: 10.7759/cureus.48402. Erratum in: Cureus. 2024;16(3):c164. doi: 10.7759/cureus.c164
- Hom S, Chen L, Wang T, et al. Platelet activation, adhesion, inflammation, and aggregation potential are altered in the presence of electronic cigarette extracts of variable nicotine concentrations. Platelets. 2016;27(7):694–702. doi: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1158403
- Gathright EC, Wu WC, Scott-Sheldon LAJ. Electronic cigarette use among heart failure patients: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (Wave 1: 2013–2014). Heart Lung. 2020;49(3):229–232. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.006
- Parekh T, Pemmasani S, Desai R. Risk of stroke with С and combustible cigarette use in young adults. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(3):446–452. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.10.008
- Shabunina VA, Guranova NN, Usanova AA, et al. Analysis of the prevalence of risk factors for hypertension in men called up for military service in the Republic of Mordovia. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2023;(6):48–53. doi: 10.17513/mjpfi.13552 EDN: ZDELDV
- Franzen KF, Willig J, Cayo Talavera S, et al. E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study. Vascular Medicine. 2018;23(5):419–425. doi: 10.1177/1358863X18779694
- Gonzalez JE, Cooke WH. Acute effects of electronic cigarettes on arterial pressure and peripheral sympathetic activity in young nonsmokers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021;320(1):H248–H255. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00448.2020
- Moheimani RS, Bhetraratana M, Peters KM, et al. Sympathomimetic Effects of Acute E-Cigarette Use: Role of Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Constituents. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(9):e006579. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006579
- Moheimani RS, Bhetraratana M, Yin F, et al. Increased Cardiac Sympathetic Activity and Oxidative Stress in Habitual Electronic Cigarette Users: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(3):278–284. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5303
- Fang Z, Zhao M, Zhen H, et al. Genotoxicity of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds in vivo and their modes of action on DNA damage in vitro. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103194
- Obisesan OH, Osei AD, Uddin SMI, et al. E-Cigarette Use Patterns and High-Risk Behaviors in Pregnancy: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016–2018. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(2):187–195. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.015
- Nanninga EK, Weiland S, Berger MY, et al. Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Women Who Differ in Smoking Status: E-Cigarette and Tobacco Cigarette Users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2632. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032632
- Opondo C, Harrison S, Alderdice F, Carson C, Quigley MA. Electronic cigarette use (vaping) and patterns of tobacco cigarette smoking in pregnancy-evidence from a population-based maternity survey in England. PLoS One. 2021;16(6):e0252817. doi: 10/1371/journal.pone.0252817