Features of diagnosis and treatment of a child with choledochal cyst IС type

Choledochal cysts are congenital cystic dilatations of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts. Diagnosis and choice of treatment tactics for this pathology often cause difficulties. A case report of a choledochal cyst in a 2-year-old patient with symptoms of recurrent jaundice, cholangitis, and pancreatitis, which required laparoscopic cholecystostomy and cholangiography during preparation for radical surgery, was retrospectively analyzed. The child was re-admitted to the pediatric surgical department with complaints of hyperthermia up to 39°C, resumption of periodic abdominal pain, nausea, and increased icterus of the sclera and skin. Laboratory and ultrasound examination indicated biliary and pancreatic hypertension. Choledochal cyst, cholestasis syndrome, acute cholecystopancreatitis was diagnosed. Owing to the existing clinical symptoms and laboratory and ultrasound data, laparoscopic cholecystostomy was urgently performed. Against the background of conservative therapy, within 2 days after laparoscopic cholecystostomy, clinically, laboratory and according to control ultrasound examination, biliary and pancreatic hypertension were stopped. The child underwent cholangiography through a cholecystostomy without additional anesthesia, which revealed a fusiform dilatation of the common hepatic and bile ducts. After 2 weeks of drug treatment against the background of laparoscopic cholecystostomy, the child underwent excision of the common bile duct cyst, and cholecystectomy with hepatic enteroanastomosis on a Roux-en-Y loop. The postoperative period was smooth. No other complaints or complications were noted within 24 months. In the reported case, recurrent obstructive jaundice was caused by a choledochal cyst. Laparoscopic cholecystostomy enabled the quick and successful relief of biliary hypertension, preparation of the patient for radical surgical treatment, and safe informative cholangiography through cholecystostomy. Hepatic enteroanastomosis with a disconnected loop according to Roux-en-Y was an effective surgical treatment method for choledochal cyst.