A Technique for Assessment of the State of Shore Ornithocomplexes Based on the Example of Artificial Reservoirs of the Dry-Steppe Zone in Southern Russia (Republic of Kalmykia)

Resumo

We have developed a technique to assess the state of shore ornithocomplexes that can be used for any artificial water bodies to reveal disturbances in their functioning and use. The article presents data on some artificial reservoirs of the dry-steppe zone in the south of the European part of Russia (Republic of Kalmykia). Our research has revealed the main factors of the environmental influence (water factor) on reservoir avifauna and determined the main indicators of assessment (population abundance and density). Analysis of data on the state of shore ornithocomplexes of the steppe reservoir (dynamics of the species diversity, numbers, and abundance of birds of the wetland semiaquatic complex) has shown their dependence on the water factor (reservoir drying/flooding). In light of the increase in anthropogenic impact, it is relevant to consider changes in the biodiversity of the ornithocomplex of some inland reservoirs in Kalmykia, such as Sarpa and Deed-Khulsun, in the period from 2008 to 2015. An environmental characteristic and assessment of the current state of their populations are given according to the developed technique. Recommendations on managing the hydrological regime of reservoirs are given for the maintenance and preservation of bird populations of the wetland semiaquatic complex in these reservoirs.