Influence of Abiotic Factors on Infectious Agents Environmentally Associated with Ixodidae Ticks on the Example of Borrelia and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

Abstract

The paper presents an analytical review of the literature on the influence of abiotic factors on the Borrelia and virus inextricably linked with the life cycles of Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus ticks. They are the causative agents of the most common and epidemiologically significant of Eurasian, obligate, transmissive, natural focal infections–Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. It is concluded that these microorganisms are generally well adapted to the gradient of the variability of temperature, humidity and other environmental conditions that are important for the reproduction of all phases of carrier development in the body, as well as for their vertical and horizontal transmission. The circulation of Borrelia and tick-borne encephalitis virus, as well as other obligate-transmissible pathogens, is under the control of environmental factors that act through carriers.