Requirements imposed on model objects in microevolutionary studies

Abstract

Extrapolation of the results from the investigation of a model object is justified only within the limits of a set of objects that have essential properties in common with the modal object. Which properties are essential depends on the aim of the study. A similarity of objects that emerged in the process of their independent evolution does not prove a similarity of the paths and mechanisms of their evolution. If the objects differ in their essential properties, then an extrapolation of the results from the investigation of one object to another is risky, because it may lead to wrong decisions and, moreover, to the loss of interest in alternative hypotheses. The positions formulated above are considered with reference to species flocks of fishes, the large African Barbus in particular.