Молекулярные механизмы нейропротекторных эффектов тиреоидных гормонов и их метаболитов при острой ишемии головного мозга

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Аннотация

С развитием эндоваскулярных реперфузионных технологий и внедрением мультимодальных методов нейровизуализации принцип нейропротекции при ишемическом инсульте проходит новый этап развития. В течение последних лет вектор исследований в области нейропротекции постепенно смещается в сторону изучения эндогенных субстанций и их синтетических аналогов. Согласно накопленным данным, тиреоидные гормоны (ТГ) и их метаболиты представляются потенциально эффективными нейропротекторами при ишемии головного мозга.

Цель исследования: идентификация и систематизация нейропротекторных эффектов ТГ при острой ишемии головного мозга путём анализа современных данных, представленных в базах РubMed, SciElo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Biomedical Data Journal, eLibrary.

Молекулярную основу действия ТГ представляют геномные и негеномные механизмы, направленные на регуляцию работы митохондрий, нейро- и ангиогенез, ионные каналы, аксональный транспорт, поддержание цитоскелета, активацию и экспрессию специфических белков. Эффекты ТГ в центральной нервной системе можно систематизировать по следующим кластерам: влияние на метаболизм в нейронах и глии, модуляция апоптоза, нейропластичность и ангиогенез, воздействие на гемостаз, локальный и системный иммунный ответ.

Заключение. ТГ представляются мультимодальными и селективными регуляторами клеточных процессов, влияющими на механизмы нейропластичности и нейрореинтеграции как в зоне ишемии мозга, так и за её пределами. Перспективными являются дальнейшие исследования возможности применения ТГ и их метаболитов как церебральных цитопротекторов для улучшения функциональных исходов ишемического инсульта.

Об авторах

Дмитрий Алексеевич Филимонов

Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: neuro.dnmu@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4542-6860

к.м.н., доцент, зав. отделом экспериментальной хирургии Института неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

Россия, Донецк

Станислав Константинович Евтушенко

ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»

Email: centerkramatorsk@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5916-7970

д.м.н., профессор каф. детской и общей неврологии ФИПО ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»

Россия, Донецк

Анна Александровна Федорова

Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

Email: hannusyc@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0937-328X

к.б.н., с.н.с. отдела экспериментальной хирургии Института неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

Россия, Донецк

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